从“重点”到“优先”——新中国重工业发展战略的确立过程

From “Focus” to “Priority”——The Process of Establishing the New China’s Heavy Industry Development Strategy

从重点发展到优先发展,新中国重工业发展战略的确立经历了一个演进的过程。在国民经济的恢复和建设过程中,重工业发展呈现出必要性与可行性的矛盾,虽然重工业发展需要长期关注,但其发展也面临着财政资源有限以及人才、技术、经验缺乏的问题。外部因素带来的挑战和机遇,部分消解了必要性与可行性之间的矛盾。抗美援朝将重工业发展的必要性提升为紧迫性,苏联援助在很大程度上解决了可行性问题,加之计划经济体制能够有效调动财政等各方面资源,因而优先发展重工业战略作为过渡时期总路线的一部分得以正式确立。

From key development to priority development, the establishment of the New China’s heavy industry development strategy has experienced an evolutionary process. In the process of recovery and construction of the national economy, the development of heavy industry presented a contradiction between necessity and feasibility, although the development of heavy industry needed long-term attention, but its development also faced the problems of limited financial resources and lack of talent, technology and experience. The challenges and opportunities brought by external factors partially resolved the contradiction between necessity and feasibility. The War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea made the necessity of developing heavy industry urgent. The Soviet aid largely solved the feasibility problem. In addition, the planned economic system could effectively mobilize financial and other resources. Therefore, the strategy of prioritizing the development of heavy industry as part of the general line of the transition period was officially established.