三线铁路建设模式探析——以西南铁路大会战为例

Analysis on the Construction Mode of the Third Line Railway——Taking the Southwest Railway Great Campaign as an Example

20世纪六七十年代,为快速建成三线地区铁路干线,党和政府采用了大会战模式推进铁路工程,西南铁路大会战正是此种模式下的早期实践。在此次大会战中,党和政府设立了专门的铁路建设管理机构统一指挥工程建设,发动了数十万筑路工人协同修筑铁路,组织了沿线地方政府开展支援铁路建设工作,并运用思想武器鼓舞筑路队伍士气,同时,为攻克铁路建设中的技术难题还开展了设计与工程技术革命。党和政府通过大会战的模式,快速推进了西南铁路建设,成功修建了成昆、襄渝、阳安、焦枝和枝柳等一批三线铁路,不仅在新中国铁路建设史上具有重要意义,而且为21世纪中西部开发奠定了交通基础,是特定历史条件下党和政府建设铁路的成功实践。

In the 1960s and 1970s, in order to quickly build the main railway lines in the third line area, the Party and the government adopted the mode of the “Great Campaign” to promote the railway project. The “Great Campaign” of the southwest railway was an early practice under this model. During this campaign, the Party and the government set up a special railway construction management agency to command project construction in a unified way, mobilized thousands of road construction workers to build the railway together, organized local governments along the line to support the construction, and used ideological weapons boosted the morale of the team. Meanwhile, it also carried out a design and engineering technology revolution to overcome the technical difficulties in the railway construction. The Party and the government rapidly promoted the construction of the southwest railway through the mode and successfully built a batch of the third line railways such as Chengkun, Xiangyu, Yang’an, Jiaozhi and Zhiliu line, which was not only of great significance in the history of railway construction in New China, but also laid a transportation foundation for the development of the central and western regions in the 21st century. It served as a successful practice of the Party and the government in building railways under specific historical conditions.