清洁用能、雾霾治理与居民反馈

Clean Energy,Haze Control and Residents’Feedback

针对散煤燃烧导致的严重空气污染,中央政府在华北地区实施了“禁煤区”政策。本文利用准实验方法估计了“禁煤区”对城市空气质量的影响,发现该政策显著地改善了空气质量,这种效应在我们采取多种敏感性分析时仍保持稳健,且在较低城镇化地区或类农村地区更为明显。同时,本文利用微观调查数据对政策区内外的用能成本、居民健康状况和主观感受进行了分析,发现禁煤政策使农村中老年人肺病发病率显著下降,但付出了更多的燃料成本。总体来看,农村居民对空气质量改善、自身健康变化和总体生活状况呈现正向肯定态度,说明此项政策在提升居民健康和获得感方面具有直接效应。

In response to the serious air pollution caused by the burning of scattered coal,the central government has implemented a“coal-free zone”policy in North China.This paper uses a quasi-experimental method to estimate the impact of the“no-coal zone”on urban air quality,and finds that the policy has significantly improved air quality.Moreover,this effect remains robust when we take a variety of sensitivity analyses.It is more significant in areas with low level of urbanization or quasi-rural areas.At the same time,this paper uses micro-survey data to analyze energy costs,residents’health conditions and subjective feelings within and outside the policy area,and finds that the coal ban policy has significantly reduced the incidence of lung diseases among middle-aged and elderly people in rural areas,but at the expense of higher spending on fuel.However,in general,rural residents have positive attitudes towards air quality improvement,changes in their own health,and overall living conditions,indicating that this policy has a direct effect on improving residents’health and sense of gain.