区域科技人力资源测度及影响因素研究

Estimation of Human Resources in Science and Technology in Chinese Regions and Its Influencing Factors

科技人力资源是完善国家创新体系和建设科技强国亟须储备的重要国家战略科技力量,文章测度分析中国区域科技人力资源总量及结构,构建影响因素分析框架以研究揭示影响科技人力资源储备的关键因素。研究发现:①中国科技人力资源储备不断扩大,但密度明显低于世界发达国家。东部科技人力资源领先优势明显且仍在扩大。②科技人力资源积累过程中,生存性人力资本和健康、教育、科技投入及迁移流动从供给侧产生显著推力;微观创新主体能力提升、中观产业结构升级、宏观经济高质量发展从需求侧产生显著拉力。同时,上述影响因素在不同经济发展水平地区表现出作用差异。

Human resources in science and technology(HRST)is a national strategic S&T force which is of importance in improving national innovation system and constructing a powerful S&T country.This paper estimates the regional HRST and then empirically investigates its influencing factors.The results show the followings.①There is an obvious increase in regional HRST,but also a gap of HRST density compared to the developed countries.The HRST in eastern region enjoys an obvious leading advantage which is still increasing.②For the HRST development,the human capital base,investment in education,health and S&T,as well as migration and mobility make positive“push”effect;the improvement of enterprise's innovation ability on the micro level,upgrade of industrial structure on the meso level as well as high-quality economic development on the macro level make positive“pull”effect.At the same time,the effects of influencing factors above differ in different regions with different levels of economic development.