伦理倾销行为及其诱因与规避策略

Ethical Dumping Behavior and Its Inducement and Avoidance Strategy

随着临床试验的跨境开展,与之伴生的伦理倾销现象给国际科技合作和伦理治理带来巨大挑战。应对伦理倾销首要的是厘清伦理倾销的现状、内涵和诱因。本文通过回溯典型的医学伦理事件,厘清伦理倾销的概念及其构成要件,认为伦理倾销行为具有道德敏感性、跨文化性和不平等性。通过综合、对比分析高收入国家和中低收入国家伦理倾销行为的诱因,提出国际研究合作要增强互利合作的意识,严格遵守相关国际规范和伦理标准,中低收入国家应加强伦理标准建设,接受跨国合作时应充分考虑到试验的安全性等规避伦理倾销行为的策略。

With the cross-border development of clinical trials,the phenomenon of ethical dumping has brought huge challenges to international scientific and technological cooperation and ethical governance.Clarifying the status quo,connotation,and incentives of ethical dumping is essential for dealing with ethical dumping.By retrospecting typical medical ethics events,this paper clarifies the concept of ethical dumping and its constituent elements,and argues that ethical dumping is morally sensitive,cross-cultural and unequal.After a comprehensive and comparative analysis of the incentives for ethical dumping in high-income countries and low-to middle-income countries,it is believed that international research cooperation should enhance the awareness of mutually beneficial cooperation and strictly abide by relevant international norms and ethical standards.Low-and middle-income countries should strengthen the establishment of ethical standards,fully consider the safety of trials when accepting transnational cooperation,and avoid the occurrence of ethical dumping.