社区老年人骨量减少患病率及影响因素分析

Analysis of the prevalence and influencing factors of osteopenia among the elderly in the community

目的分析安徽省蚌埠市社区老年人骨量减少的患病情况及相关影响因素。方法选取2019年2月至2021年2月于蚌埠市东风、延安社区体检的老年人1076例作为研究对象,收集患者的一般资料,并进行相关身体检查。根据超声骨密度仪测量的跟骨骨密度T-值将研究对象分为三组:骨量正常组474例,骨量减少组515例,骨质疏松组87例。采用logistic回归分析社区老年人骨量减少的影响因素。结果社区骨量减少老年人515名,男194名,女321名,年龄(69.58±6.01)岁,骨量减少检出率为47.86%。单因素分析显示,性别、年龄、吸烟、体力活动、心血管疾病、糖尿病、体重、身体水分、无机盐、肌肉量、踝臂指数、舒张压、增长指数比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。logistic回归分析显示,性别(OR=2.300)、体重(OR=0.976)、踝臂指数(OR=0.255)、无机盐(OR=1.117)、心血管疾病(OR=1.448)、糖尿病(OR=0.722)、体力活动(OR=0.824)是骨量减少的主要影响因素(P<0.05)。结论社区老年人应重视自身慢性病,避免体重偏低,增强体力活动,预防和延缓骨量减少的发生。

Objective To analyze the prevalence and related influencing factors of osteopenia in the community elderly in Bengbu City.Methods A total of 1076 elderly people who underwent physical examinations in Dongfeng and Yan’an communities in Bengbu City from February 2019 to February 2021 were selected as the research subjects,the general information of the patients was collected,and relevant physical examinations were carried out.According to the T-value of calcaneal bone mineral density measured by ultrasound absorptiometry,the subjects were divided into three groups:474 people with normal bone mass,515 cases with osteopenia,and 87 cases with osteoporosis.Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of osteopenia in the elderly in the community.Results There were 515 elderly people with osteopenia in the community,including 194 males and 321 females,aged(69.58±6.01)years old.The detection rate of osteopenia was 47.86%.Univariate analysis showed that gender,age,smoking,physical activity,cardiovascular disease,diabetes,body weight,body water,inorganic salt,muscle mass,ankle-brachial index,diastolic blood pressure,and growth index were significantly different(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that gender(OR=2.300),body weight(OR=0.976),ankle-brachial index(OR=0.255),inorganic salts(OR=1.117),cardiovascular disease(OR=1.448),diabetes(OR=0.722)and physical activity(OR=0.824)were the main influencing factors for osteopenia(P<0.05).Conclusion Elderly people in the community should pay attention to their chronic diseases,avoid low body weight,increase physical activity,and prevent and delay the occurrence of osteopenia.