基于FDS的水喷淋系统对地铁站台火灾参数的影响研究

Study on the Influence of Sprinkler System on Fire Parameters of Subway Platform Based on FDS

为了研究水喷淋系统和应急排烟系统对地铁站台火灾烟气特性的影响,建立了地铁站台火灾数值模型,应用FDS软件模拟计算了火源热释放速率为3MW时地铁站台火灾烟气温度、CO浓度、烟气能见度等火灾烟气主要参数的变化。结果表明:水喷淋系统可以降低地铁站台火灾烟气温度10℃左右,降低站台火灾CO浓度和提高烟气能见度的效果较差;增大应急排烟速度可以有效降低站台火灾烟气温度和CO浓度,提高烟气能见度。地铁消防自动喷水灭火系统设计和人员疏散方案设计可以考虑设置水喷淋系统与应急排烟系统,降低火灾烟气对人员疏散的危害。

A numerical model of subway platform fire is established to study the effects of sprinkler system and smoke extraction system on the smoke characteristics of subway platform fire.The FDS software is used to simulate and calculate the changes of main parameters of fire smoke,including smoke temperature,CO concentration and visibility,when the heat release rate of fire is 3MW.The results show that the sprinkler system can reduce the smoke temperature of subway platform fire by about 10 degrees,while its effect of reducing the CO concentration and improving the visibility is poor.The increase of the emergency smoke extraction speed can effectively reduce the smoke temperature and CO concentration and improve the visibility.The sprinkler system and emergency smoke exhaust system should be added in the subway fire-fighting system and evacuation scheme to reduce the harm caused by fire smoke.