非宾格词素、致使义与汉语动结式词/句的句法辨析研究

Unaccusative Morphemes, Causative Meaning and the Syntactic Differentiation Between Verbal Resultative Compounds and Verbal Resultative Constructions in Chinese

针对动结式指词还是指句界限模糊的问题,本文提出动结式句的概念并对其加以严格定义,从而既可以与单论元非宾格句加以区分,也可以与含有动结式复合词的处置义及物句相区别。本文通过对含有动结式复合词的相关句式的研究得出如下结论:处置义句式属于典型的及物句,因有施事性主语而允准重动句的变体;题元倒置句表达致使义,因无施事性主语而排斥重动句的变体。动结式句中的V_(2)(包括形容词和及物性可转换的非作格动词)理应属于广义的非宾格词素,其所蕴含的非自主状态变化义是动结式句中结果事件获得概念化的词汇语义根源。本文中所有的相关句式均可在最简方案框架下推导生成,符合结果成分作补语而方式成分作附加语的普遍性句法特征,以及自然语言中结构构建和转换的统一性原则。

That the term Verbal Resultatives is generally used at the word-level or sentence-level remains unclear, which, in the current literature, is reflected in the use of the terms of Verbal Resultative Compounds (VRComs) and Verbal Resultative Constructions (VRCons). The present article aims at delimiting the boundaries between VRComs and VRCons, thereby differentiating unaccusative/state sentences, verbal causative sentences and disposal/activity sentences. On the basis of the present proposal, this article arrives at the following conclusions: disposal sentences are transitive ones, licensing verb-reduplicating variants due to its agentive subjects;causative sentences with flip-flop theta roles denote causative meaning, excluding verb-redupicating variants, due to its lack of agentive arguments. However, the V_(2)morphemes (including adjectives and unergtive verbs with optional transitivity) in VRCons are exclusively unaccusative in nature,with change-of-state meaning constituting the source of the conceptualization of resultive events. The light verbs in VRCons and the normal transitive constructions are the major syntactic components, respectively sub-categorizing CAUSER arguments and AGENTIVE arguments as the subjects, thereby satisfying the requirement of spec-head configuration. Relevant constructions can be derived from the same set of structurebuilding mechanisms, thus being in line with the uniformity condition of the theoretical requirement of natural languages and with the syntactic universal that resultative constituents being complements and manner constituents being adjuncts.