人工智能、社会权力与隐形就业

Artificial Intelligence,Social Power and Invisible Employment

就业与人工智能的关系需要在人工智能的社会化发展中进行解读。文章梳理了自动化和人工智能的发展过程,探究了人工智能对社会权力特别是资本权力的物化,分析了资本驱动下人工智能的就业替代过程及其产生的隐形就业效应。研究发现,通用自动化装置的“反馈循环”使得机器体系逐渐发展成为人工智能,推动这一过程的是掌控社会权力的政府和大企业。他们借助于社会权力推动了人工智能化发展,同时使得社会权力得以扩展和强化。在资本的推动下,人工智能为了替代更多的劳动力而不断更新,结果却在全球范围内吸收了新的廉价劳动力。现阶段的人工智能存在算法更新、数据筛查以及非程序化工作分解等隐蔽环节,它们需要劳动者参与,从而产生隐形就业效应。资本驱动下的人工智能及其社会权力的扩展造成劳资替代的矛盾运动。鉴于此,我国在发展人工智能时应对资本权力有所节制,促使人工智能沿着人机协作的方向发展。

It is still inconclusive that how artificial intelligence will affect the employment.We hold that this social issue could be better probed in the process of the socialization of artificial intelligence.By looking closer at the evolution of automation and artificial intelligence,this study explores the capital power materialization by artificial intelligence,which displays its functions of employment substitution and invisible employment generation.The current study has found that the“feedback loop”of automation devices has facilitated the gradual evolution of machine system into artificial intelli-gence.It is the capital power of the government and large enterprises that promotes this process.Driven by capital,artificial intelligence is constantly being updated in order to replace more labor,but as a result,it absorbs cheap labor in a new way on a global scale.Currently,artificial intelligence in the form of deep learning has some hidden processes such as algorithm update,data screening,and unprogrammed work decomposition.Those processes require the participation of human labor,which leads to invisible employment.In view of this,authors of this paper suggest that we should not be capital-driven when developing artificial intelligence in China,but focus more on the interests of the people,so that artificial intelligence could proceed in the direction of human-machine collaboration.