微小核糖核酸在局灶节段性肾小球硬化诊疗中的进展

Progress of miRNAs in Diagnosis and Treatment of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

局灶节段性肾小球硬化(FSGS)为原发性肾小球疾病常见病理类型,也是导致终末期肾病的主要原因之一,预后差,在儿童和成人中患病率呈逐年上升趋势。目前诊断和分型的金标准仍是有创性肾活检穿刺术,具有一定风险且患者及家属接受度有限。此病发病机制尚不明确,但大多数倾向于足细胞病变;临床多表现为激素耐药型肾病综合征,临床治疗效果差。近年来,越来越多的证据表明,各种微小核糖核酸(microRNAs、miRNAs)的上调或下调与肾脏病变密切相关。miRNAs的组织特异性、相对稳定性和无创的安全性使其有望成为了解某些疾病机制的独特的生物标志物。文章将国内外文献中关于miRNAs在FSGS发病机制及发病原因方面的作用进行综述,旨在为探明FSGS的发病机制及无创性诊疗提供新的思路和治疗靶点。

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS)is a common pathological type of primary glomerular disease and one of the main causes of end-stage renal disease.At present,the gold standard of diagnosis and classification is still invasive renal biopsy,which has certain risk and limited acceptance by patients and their families.The clinical manifestations were hormone-resistant nephrotic syndrome,and the therapeutic effect was poor.In recent years,there has been increasing evidence that up-or down-regulation of various microRNAs and Mirnas is associated with renal RNA.miRNAs have the potential to become unique biomarkers for understanding the mechanisms of some diseases due to their tissue specificity,relative stability and non-invasive safety.In order to provide a new way of thinking and a new therapeutic target for searching the pathogenesis and non-invasive diagnosis and treatment of FSGS,the relationship between miRNAs and FSGS was reviewed in this paper.