生命历程:分离与随迁经历对随迁青少年非认知能力的影响

The Impact of Separation from and Migration with Parents on the Non-cognitive Abilities of Adolescent Children of Migrant Workers: the Perspective of Life-course

使用中国教育追踪调查(CEPS)的基线调查数据,本文基于生命历程理论的视角探究了生命早期的亲子分离经历和随迁经历对随迁青少年非认知能力的影响。结果表明,在生命的早期或“上游”经历与父母的亲子分离会显著地降低随迁青少年的好奇心、社会情感、社会情绪等非认知能力;随迁本身或者说什么时候随迁对青少年的非认知能力没有显著影响,随迁带来的环境适应挑战是否会影响随迁青少年的非认知能力发展取决于青少年在生命早期是否经历亲子分离。为此,应在尊重青少年生命周期规律的基础上,通过加强教育体系、家庭体系和社会体系建设的顶层设计来破解随迁子女生命历程异化危机、构筑随迁青少年非认知能力发展的生命早期或“上游”保护机制。

Based on the data of China Education Panel Survey(CEPS) including 5777 rural adolescents, the paper aims to recognize the impact of children’s experience of separation from parents and migration with parents in the early childhood on the non-cognitive abilities of the adolescents-children of migrant workers based on the life-course theory. The results show that the parent-child separation of the early childhood or "upstream" life experience can significantly reduce the non-cognitive abilities such as the curiosity, social feelings and social emotions of the adolescents-children of migrant workers. While migration with parents or the timing of migration with parents has no significant impacts on the non-cognitive abilities of the adolescents-children, and the impacts of migration with parents coming from the children’s environmental adaption depend on whether the adolescents experience parent-child separation in the early life. The findings imply that the according top-level design of the education system, family system and social system can help to solve the alienation crisis of the adolescents’ s life course and to construct the early life or "upstream" protection mechanisms of the non-cognitive abilities by respecting the law of the life cycle of adolescents.