二维(2D)沸石与三维(3D)沸石的制备及催化研究进展

Progress in Preparation and Catalysis of Two-dimensional(2D)and Three-dimensional(3D)Zeolites

如今在能源紧缺和“双碳”背景下,能源清洁高效利用显得异常重要.沸石催化剂是在能源加工过程中提高产出和品质的重要手段,现已成为该领域的研究热点.随着对沸石研究的进一步深入,它们的性质和结构逐渐清晰,广泛应用于催化、吸附、分离等行业.独特晶体结构的二维沸石,它们的片层结构在降低分子传输路径的同时,可增大活性位点的可及性,降低了积碳率,具有较大应用潜力.此外,通过改变结构导向剂的结构可以拓宽二维沸石的种类,符合工业上适应范围广的特点.在此,综述了两种维度分子筛的发展过程,阐明了它们在不同领域中催化转化的构-效关系,以及二维沸石的制备路径.整理了合成机理并分析了二维沸石在比表面积和活性位点可及性上的优势,为二维沸石分子筛在工业中的应用提供借鉴.

Nowadays,under the background of energy shortage and“double carbon”,clean and efficient utilization of ener-gy is very important.Zeolite catalyst is an important means to improve the output and quality in the process of energy pro cessing,and has become a research hotspot in this field.From natural zeolites to artificial zeolites,from three-dimensional(3D)zeolites to two-dimensional(2D)zeolites,with the further study of zeolites,their properties and structures are gradually clear,and they are widely used in catalysis,adsorption,separation and other industries.Especially the 2D zeolites with unique crystal structure(or morphology),their lamellar structures not only reduce the molecular transmission path,but also provide more active sites for the catalytic reaction system and reduce the carbon deposition rate,which have great application poten tial in the future.When it comes to 2D zeolites,structure directing agent plays a very important role,the types of 2D zeolites can be broadened by changing the structure of directing agent structure,and in this way,the structural change elasticity of zeolites can be increased,which meets the industrial requirements and has a wide range of adaptability.Here,this paper summarizes the development process of 3D and 2D molecular sieves,focuses on the catalytic efficiency of zeolites,expounds their structure-activity relationship in different fields such as coal tar catalytic conversion,C1 chemical industry and biomass catalytic conversion,as well as the preparation path of 2D zeolites,summarizes the conversion mechanism,and analyzes the advantages of 2D zeolites in specific surface area and active site accessibility,it provides a reference for the application of 2D zeolite molecular sieves in industry.