欠发达地区间跨流域调水工程生态补偿中区域博弈关系研究

Game Relation Study in Ecological Compensation of Inter-basin Water Transfer Project between Less Developed Regions

欠发达地区间跨流域调水工程相关者之间存在利益冲突与协调问题,其中上游水源区与下游受水区之间的关系是最重要的关系。本文首先采用非合作静态博弈方法,建立了上、下游地方政府间的博弈模型并进行了推演。结论是:仅依靠上、下游政府之间的谈判,是不可能达成一致意见并实现供水目标的,即上游水源区不会主动保护水源向下游受水区提供优质足量水资源,受水区也不会主动补偿上游;接着引入中央政府这一主体,建立了中央政府、上游地方政府及下游地方政府三者之间的动态博弈模型,结论是:在中央政府和下游政府共同补偿上游政府的前提下,可以实现上游水源区长期供水。水源区生态补偿不再是一个可以模糊的涉及区域间利益均衡的基础性问题,而应该从全国、全流域层面考虑生态补偿。在提高对水源区保护认识、建立健全生态补偿约束机制、完善补偿制度、明确补偿主体和确立补偿形式等五个方面提出了建议。

There are conflicts of interest and coordination within stakeholders of inter-basin water transfer projects in less developed areas,in which the relationship between water source area and water receiving area is the most important one.In this paper,the non-cooperative static game method is adopted to establish the game model between the upper and lower local governments then deduce it.The conclusion is that it is impossible to reach an agreement between the upper and lower governments,that is,the water source area will not take the initiative to protect the water supply to provide high quality and sufficient water resources to the water receiving area,and the water receiving area will not take the initiative to compensate the water source area;Consequently a dynamic game model between the central government,the upstream local government and the downstream local government is established by introducing the central government as the subject.The conclusion is that the long-term water supply for the water receiving region can be realized on the premise that the central government and the downstream government compensating the upstream government.There is no doubt that ecological compensation for water source region is no longer a basic problem that can be vaguely related to the balance of regional interests,but should be considered from the whole country and the whole basin.Suggestions are put forward from the following five aspects,such as improving the understanding of water source protection,establishing and perfecting the restraint mechanism of ecological compensation,perfecting the compensation system,clarifying the compensation bodies and establishing the compensation forms.