论“乡村空心化”治理中的法律激励

Legal Incentives in Rural Hollowing Governance

中西部“乡村空心化”问题的本质在于农民主体性与公共性的双重缺失。在国家治理现代化和“资源下乡”的背景下,关注国家意志与社会需要互动、长于源头治理和主体性激发的法律激励理念能够有效指导“乡村空心化”治理。在乡村开展法律激励应当以农民的优势需要为着力点,坚持“权利激励”与“义务激励”并重,激发农民作为发展权主体的权利意识和义务自觉。权利激励与义务激励相结合的过程就是在农民个体意志与乡村集体意志的沟通中修复“乡村空心化”的过程。此外,法律激励在“乡村空心化”治理中的实效是存在边界的,应当警惕法律万能主义和国家中心主义,注重培育乡村社会的自治能力和内生秩序。

The issue of“rural hollowing”in central and western China can be essentially attributed to the absence of both subjective and public orientation in the role and status of farmers.In the context of modern state governance and“countryside-oriented resource allocation”,the concept of legal incentives,which not only emphasizes the interaction between national will and social needs,but is also compatible for source governance and subjective stimulation,is expected to be effective in instructing the governance of rural hollowing.When issuing legal incentives in rural areas,policymakers should focus on the priority needs of farmers,attach equal importance to“right incentives”and“obligation incentives”,stimulate the awareness of rights and obligatory conscience among farmers as subjects of the rights to development.In other words,combining right and obligation incentives is a means of restoring the countryside from rural hollowing by finding common grounds in farmers’individual will and rural areas’collective will.Nevertheless,considering the limited effectiveness of legal incentives of rural hollowing governance,policymakers should also be wary of misconceptualizing legal-omnipotent ideologies and state-centrism,as well as strive to enhance autonomy and endogenous order in rural society.