城乡两栖:城镇化背景下农民家庭发展的策略性实践——基于“两栖”老人现象的讨论

Urban and Rural Amphibious:Strategic Practice of Farmer Family Development under the Background of Urbanization——Discussion Based on the“Amphibious”Elderly Phenomenon

在快速城镇化背景下,进城以及实现社会流动成为农民家庭的发展目标,如何应对家庭发展过程中产生的种种压力已成为当前多数农民家庭所面临的问题。研究发现,作为一种代际支持模式,中西部普通农业型村庄普遍存在的“两栖”老人现象是家庭为应对发展压力而作出的策略性选择,其以家庭目标转型为前提,以代际分工为基础,通过城乡流动缓解家庭内在压力。城乡融合是隐含于“两栖”老人中的新型城乡关系,其以“城乡两栖”作为表现形式,构筑起促进农民家庭发展的城乡保护体系,城乡融合已成为理解新时期农民家庭发展实践不容忽视的总体性背景。在此前提下,国家应当进一步推进城乡一体化建设,充分释放城镇与农村在农民家庭发展过程中所发挥的保障性功能。

In the context of rapid urbanization,entering cities and realizing social mobility have become the development goals of peasant families.How to deal with the pressures generated in the process of family development has become a problem faced by most peasant families.The study found that,as a mode of intergenerational support,the“amphibious”elderly phenomenon common in ordinary agricultural villages in the central and western regions is a strategic choice made by families to cope with development pressure.It is based on the transformation of family goals and intergenerational support,based on the division of labor,alleviate the internal pressure of the family through urban and rural migration.Urban-rural integration is a new type of urban-rural relationship implicit in the“amphibious”elderly.It takes“urban-rural amphibious”as its manifestation to build an urban-rural protection system that promotes the development of peasant families.The integration of urban and rural areas has become an overall background that cannot be ignored in understanding the development and practice of peasant families in the new era.Under this premise,the state should further promote the integration of urban and rural areas,and fully release the guarantee function of urban and rural areas in the development of peasant families.