本心与实学——兼论象山对心学谱系的疏证

The Original Mind and Practical Learning:Lu Xiangshan’s Interpretation of the Pedigree of the Philos:ophy of the Mind

象山心学不知师承,自谓“因读《孟子》而自得之”。象山通过“姬周之衰”与“孟子之没”两个节点的标示,提出了唐虞三代的本心是不待相传的“千古不磨心”,以及依其本心面向事情而形成的实学。本心与实学成为象山心学的基本概念,象山据此揭明孟子前后诸儒之病、孟子对孔子“浑无罅缝”的仁学的“十字打开”及其不足,从而使自己的心学整合了孟子与颜回、承传孔子,完成对心学谱系的疏证。

It is unknown fromM what sthe learning of Lu Xiangshan derived.He himself claimed that he “obtained theknowledge by readingenciu” and spoke of the decline of the Zhou Dynasty and the death of Mencius,indicating that the “original mind”(Benxin) discussed in the context of the sage-kings Tang and Yu’s timesand the Xia,Shang,and Zhou periods remained unchanged throughout history.He also advocated practicallearning,proposing that people should take actions based on their “original minds”.The “original mind” and“practical learning” became two fundamental concepts of Lu’s learning,according to which he exposed thedefects of the Confucians before and after Mencius,conveyed Mencius’ clear interpretation of Confucius’ impeccable study of benevolence(Renxue),and highlighted the shortcomings of Mencius’ own analysis,sothat his own learning integrated the learning of Mencius and Yanhui.Meanwhile,Lu’s learning also inheritedConfucius’ ideas;taken together,these factors constitute the pedigree of the philosophy of the Mind.