早产儿视网膜病变自然消退患儿视功能发育纵向监测

Longitudinal monitoring of visual function development in children with spontaneous regression of retinopathy of prematurity

目的纵向监测早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)自然消退患儿视功能发育情况。方法回顾性选取2019年1月至2019年6月在江西省妇幼保健院儿童保健科行眼底检查的早产儿,根据是否发生ROP及随访情况,将82例发生ROP并随访至自然消退者设为ROP组,64例未发生ROP早产儿设为非ROP组,同时选取同期在江西省妇幼保健院儿童保健科体检的59例相同月龄段足月儿作为对照组。比较三组屈光、眼位。结果各组不同月龄远视、散光发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.017)。ROP组6、18、24月龄近视率高于非ROP组、对照组,斜视率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.017);ROP组12月龄近视率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.017);非ROP组与对照组不同月龄近视率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.017)。ROP组和非ROP组、非ROP组和对照组不同月龄斜视发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.017)。结论ROP自然消退者近视和斜视发生率较高,临床需及早干预,避免其发生弱视。

Objective To longitudinally monitor the development of visual function in children with retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)spontaneously resolved.Methods Retrospectivety selected premature infants who underwent fundus examination in the Department of Child Health,Jiangxi Maternity and Child Health Hospital from January 2019 to June 2019.According to whether ROP occurred and the follow-up status,82 patients with ROP and followed up to natural regression were set as ROP group,64 preterm infants without ROP were set as the non ROP group,and 59 full-term infants of the same month age who were examined in the Department of Child Health,Jiangxi Maternity and Child Health Hospital during the same period were selected as the control group.The refraction and eye position of the three groups were compared.Results There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of hyperopia and astigmatism between the groups of different months of age(P>0.017).The myopia rate of ROP group at 6,18 and 24 months were higher than those of non ROP group and control group,and the strabismus rate was higher than that of control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.017).The myopia rate in ROP group at 12 months was higher than that in control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.017).There was no significant difference in myopia rate between non ROP group and control group at different months(P>0.017).There was no significant difference in the incidence of strabismus between ROP group and non ROP group,non ROP group and control group(P>0.017).Conclusion The incidence of strabismus and myopia is higher in patients with spontaneous regression of ROP.Early clinical intervention is needed to avoid amblyopia.