刑事侦查中个人信息保护的规制研究——以个人信息处理的基本原则为视角

Analysis on the Regulation of Personal Information Protection in Criminal Detection——From the Perspective of the Basic Principles of Personal Information Processing

《个人信息保护法》将侦查机关的个人信息处理行为纳入其规制范围,完善了对公民个人信息的保护。但是该法未对刑事司法领域给予特别关注,在适用的过程中可能需要为刑事司法活动量体裁衣。个人信息保护法的基本原则是探寻其法律适用空间、调整法律适用程度的有效工具。合法原则对侦查机关履行法定职责的必要性提出要求;目的原则与必要原则共同组成审查侦查机关个人信息处理行为正当性之标准;在公开透明原则之下,以延后履行告知义务、信息处理留痕的方式实现打击犯罪与保障个人信息法益的平衡;在质量原则之下,确立区分对待原则、保障信息主体之信息更正权,在保障信息主体权利的同时满足对证据真实性的需要。

The Personal Information Protection Law applies on the processing of personal information by investigation organs,which would improve the protection of citizens' personal information.However,the Act does not pay special attention to the field of criminal justice and may need to tailor for criminal justice activities when application.The basic principles of the Personal Information Protection Law are effective tools to explore the space for the application of its laws and adjust the degree of application of the law.The principle of lawfulness requires the investigating organs to perform their legally prescribed duties;the principle of purpose and the principle of necessity together constitute the criteria for reviewing the legitimacy of the investigative organs' handling of personal information;under the principle of transparency,a balance between combating crime and protecting the legal benefits of personal information is achieved by delaying the performance of the obligation to inform and leaving traces in information processing;under the principle of quality,establish the principle of differentiating treatment,safeguard the information subject's right to correct information,and meet the need for the authenticity of evidence while protecting the rights of information subjects.