肺栓塞诊断进展

Progress in pulmonary embolism

肺栓塞(pulmonary embolism,PE)作为一种常见潜在的心血管疾病,在心血管死亡病因中占第三位。因其发病隐匿且症状无特异性,常常被忽视,是住院患者非预期死亡和围手术期死亡的重要原因。因此,做到早期识别、正确诊断以及及时有效的救治是避免不良预后及减少不必要医疗费用的关键。得益于诊断技术及治疗方法的进步,临床对肺栓塞的诊断及治疗取得了显著效果。目前临床可应用于肺栓塞诊断的方法多样,包括临床患病概率评估、D-二聚体测定、计算机断层摄影术肺血管造影、核素肺通气/灌注显像、肺动脉造影等。每种检查方法各有其特点,笔者就肺栓塞各诊断方法的研究现状做一综述。

Pulmonary embolism(PE),as a common potential cardiovascular disease,ranks third in the cause of cardiovascular death.Because of its hidden onset and asymptomatic symptoms,it is often ignored,and it is an important cause of unexpected death and perioperative death in inpatients.Therefore,early identification,correct diagnosis and timely and effective treatment is the key to avoid adverse prognosis and reduce unnecessary medical costs.Thanks to the progress of diagnosis technology and treatment,clinical results have been achieved remarkable in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary embolism.At present,there are various clinical methods for pulmonary embolism diagnosis,including clinical disease probability assessment,D-dimer determination,computed tomography pulmonary angiography,nuclide pulmonary ventilation/perfusion imaging,pulmonary angiography.However,each examination method has its own characteristics,and the author reviews the research status of the diagnostic methods of pulmonary embolism.