高校密度如何影响企业创新——来自中国制造业上市公司的证据

HOW DOES THE DENSITY OF UNIVERSITIES AFFECT ENTERPRISE INNOVATION——Evidence from Chinese Manufacturing Listed Companies

本文尝试从微观视角考察企业所处区域内的高校密度对企业创新的影响。在构建理论模型的基础上,本文利用2011—2017年沪深两市制造业上市公司数据和教育部公布的历年普通高校名单,以每家企业所处一定地理空间内的高校数量作为衡量高校密度的指标,实证分析了高校密度对企业创新的影响。研究表明,高校密度对企业创新具有明显的促进作用,不同层次高校对企业创新的促进程度存在显著差异;高校密度对企业创新在创新类型、企业规模和企业所处地区等方面都具有异质性影响。同时,本文从研发合作和知识溢出两个方面分析了高校密度影响企业创新的中介机制。

This paper tries to study the relationship between the density of universities in one certain area and enterprise innovation from the micro perspective.Based on a new theoretical model,this paper uses the data of manufacturing listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets and the list of ordinary universities published in the website of the Ministry of Education of China from 2011 to 2017,sets the number of universities in a certain area as the density of universities,and empirically analyzes the impact of the density of universities on enterprise innovation.The results show that the density of universities has a positive impact on enterprise innovation,and it varies with the level of universities,innovation types and company characteristics such as firm size and location.At the same time,this paper analyzes the two mediating mechanisms of R&D cooperation and knowledge spillover.