贸易自由化与企业出口选择

Trade Liberalization and Export Choice of Enterprises

出口关税下降后企业出口成本得到有效降低,此时企业将面临出口更高质量的产品还是出口更多数量的产品的难题。文章以异质性企业理论为基础,在对产品质量进行重新测算的基础上,从出口端入手,就出口关税变动对企业出口产品质量及出口产品规模的影响进行实证检验,结果表明:出口关税下降能显著带来出口产品质量的提升,同时,国有企业会扩大出口新产品到新市场的规模,中外合资/合作企业和外商投资企业会扩大出口旧产品到新市场的规模,而集体/私营企业会扩大其出口新产品到旧市场的规模。通过构建出口贸易自由化与企业异质性的交互项,可以发现,经营年限较长和规模较大的中外合资/合作企业和集体/私营企业更倾向于扩大其出口集约边际,而规模较大的国有企业和集体/私营企业更倾向于扩大其出口扩展边际。

Enterprises’ export costs can be effectively reduced after the export tariffs drop, and enterprises will be faced with whether to export higher quality products or more products. Based on the heterogeneous firm theory, this paper re-measures the quality of products, and makes an empirical test on the impact of export tariff changes on the quality and scale of export products. The results show that the reduction of export tariffs can significantly improve the quality of export products, while state-owned enterprises will expand the scale of exporting new products to new markets, Sino-foreign joint ventures/cooperative enterprises and foreign-invested enterprises will expand the scale of exporting old products to new markets, while collective/private enterprises will expand their export new products to old ones. By constructing the interactive terms between export trade liberalization and enterprise heterogeneity, it can be found that older and larger Sino-foreign joint ventures and collective/private enterprises tend to expand their export intensive margins, while larger stateowned enterprises and collective/private enterprises tend to expand their export expansion margins.