青少年抑郁症状的相关家庭因素研究

Research on family factors related to adolescent depressive symptoms

目的调查青少年抑郁症状发生情况,分析其相关家庭因素。方法于2019年11月选择西安市初级中学和高级中学各2所,采用分层整群抽样的方法抽取650名学生作为调查对象,采用一般情况调查问卷、流调中心用抑郁症状自评量表、儿童期创伤问卷和父母教养方式问卷进行调查。采用多元线性回归分析探究影响青少年抑郁症状水平的相关家庭因素。结果本组青少年抑郁症状评分为16.00(9.00,20.00)分,抑郁症状阳性筛查率为19.7%。多元线性回归分析结果显示:性别、父母婚姻状态、情感虐待、躯体虐待、父亲过度保护、母亲过度保护、父亲情感温暖、母亲情感温暖(β=-0.028、0.030、0.103、0.267、0.467、0.047、-0.279、-0.272,P<0.001)是青少年抑郁症状的主要影响因素,共解释总变异的92.3%。结论青少年抑郁症状阳性筛查率处于较低水平,性别、父母婚姻状态、情感虐待、躯体虐待、父/母亲过度保护、父/母亲情感温暖是青少年抑郁症状的主要家庭因素。

Objective To investigate the occurrence of depressive symptoms in adolescents,and to analyze their related family factors.Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 650 middle school students from two junior high schools and two high schools in Xi′an as the survey objects in November 2019.Surveys were conducted by using the general situation questionnaire,the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale,the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form and the Short-Egna Minnen Barndoms Uppfostran.Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore related family factors influencing the level of adolescent depression symptoms.Results The score of depressive symptoms in adolescents in this survey was 16.00(9.00,20.00),and the positive screening rate for depressive symptoms was 19.7%.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender,marital status of parents,emotional abuse,physical neglect,paternal overprotection,maternal overprotection,paternal emotional warmth,maternal emotional warmth were the main influencing factors for depressive symptoms of adolescents(β=-0.028,0.030,0.103,0.267,0.467,0.047,-0.279,-0.272,P<0.001,R;=0.923).Conclusions The positive screening rate for depressive symptoms in adolescents is relatively low.Gender,marital status of parents,emotional abuse,physical neglect,overprotection of parents,and emotional warmth of parents mainly affect the depressive symptoms in adolescents.