低阶煤热解高温油气除尘技术进展

Research progress on high temperature oil-gas dust removal technology during pyrolysis of low-rank coal

低阶煤的热解是我国煤炭清洁高效转化的重要方式,高温油气除尘困难是限制其产业化的瓶颈。低阶煤热解过程中的高温油气具有温度高、尘含量大、含大分子稠环芳烃、易冷凝等特点,易阻塞除尘器及工艺管道,腐蚀设备,降低产品品质。本文主要从工程化应用角度,对比了湿法除尘、旋风除尘、静电除尘、陶瓷管除尘、金属过滤器除尘、颗粒床除尘等主要高温除尘工艺在低阶煤热解高温油气除尘领域的应用现状,分析了各技术优缺点及领域内的专利情况,指出颗粒床除尘、催化除尘、组合除尘技术有望成为未来该领域的发展方向。

Pyrolysis of low-rank coal is one of important ways for coal clean and efficient conversion.Dust removal of high temperature oil-gas is a bottleneck restricting its industrialization.The hot oil-gas has the properties of high temperature,large dust content,consisting of much polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon,easy condensing and carbon precipitating.As a result,the dust collector and subsequent process pipeline are easily blocked,which deteriorates the quality of coal tar.This review analyses the application status of the important high-temperature dust removal technologies in relevant fields,including wet dust removal,cyclone dust removal,electrostatic dust removal,ceramic tube dust removal,metal filter dust removal,and granular bed dust removal.The advantages and disadvantages of each technology are summarized,as well as the patent status in the field.The technologies of granular bed dust removal,catalytic dust removal,and combined dust removal are expected to be the future development direction in this field.