乳酸菌防治奶牛子宫内膜炎的机制研究进展

Research Progress on the Mechanisms of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Prevention and Treatment of Endometritis of Dairy Cows

健康奶牛子宫内存在微生物群落,除分泌蛋白和多肽外,这些微生物群落还与上皮细胞、免疫细胞之间存在复杂的协同作用,在奶牛生殖系统防御感染和炎症中起着关键作用。子宫微生物群落失衡是导致奶牛患子宫内膜炎的重要因素,其中大肠杆菌被认为是引发奶牛子宫感染和炎症的主要病原体,它的存在有利于拟杆菌、梭状芽胞杆菌等病原体的繁殖。多项试验已经证实乳酸菌在防治奶牛子宫内膜炎上具有明显效果,因此本文从乳酸菌的竞争排斥、产生生物活性化合物、调节免疫力和炎症调控等角度对其作用机制进行综述,为乳酸菌的应用提供参考。

Microbial communities in the uterus of healthy cows play a key role in defense of the female genital system from infection and inflammation,and involve complex synergies with epithelial cells and immune cells.Furthermore,they can secrete proteins and peptides.The unbalanced microflora is considered to be the main factor of endometritis in dairy cows.Among the wide range of bacteria,Escherichia coli are highly associated with the infection and immunity in the endometrium and are beneficial to the reproduction of pathogens such as Bacteroides and Clostridium.A number of studies demonstrated the potential of lactic acid bacteria probiotics for therapeutic use against endometritis.Several mechanisms underlie the protection exerted by lactic acid bacteria probiotics:competition for nutrients,production of bioactive compounds,modulation of immunity and inflammation.This paper summarized all of them and provides an overview of their application.