用于磁旋转光谱的环形永磁阵列的匀场分布仿真优化

Optimization of distribution of permanent magnetrings for Faraday rotation spectroscopy

法拉第磁旋转光谱(Faraday rotation spectroscopy, FRS)技术因其高灵敏度,零背景噪声,以及能有效避免抗磁性物质干扰的特性广泛应用于各类顺磁性痕量气体的探测.目前大部分FRS技术采用线圈构造电磁场,存在能耗高、发热多等问题.为此,开展了基于组合环形永磁体的空间磁场分布建模仿真研究,意在建立轴向分布的磁场,为测量FRS提供基于永磁体的沿光轴方向的匀强磁场.仿真采用有限元网格剖分的方法,基于麦克斯韦方程组,开展组合磁环的磁场分布仿真研究,并通过实验测量实际钕铁硼永磁体磁环阵列的磁场分布,证明了建立物理模型的可靠性.在此基础上提出了对永磁体磁环阵列的3种优化方案—单理想值优化、多段式单理想值优化和梯度优化方案,来构造中心轴线磁感应强度分布均匀的匀强磁场.最后通过引入磁场均匀度,计算评估并分析比较了不同优化方案的优化效果,为研发基于永磁体的FRS光谱设备提供参考.

Faraday rotation spectroscopy(FRS) is generally used to detect the concentrations of various paramagnetic trace gases because of its high detection sensitivity, zero background noise and the ability to get rid of the interference of diamagnetic materials effectively. In most of FRS technologies, the used electromagnetic fields are produced by coils, thereby triggering off some problems such as high energy consumption and excessive heat generation. Thus the modeling and the simulation study of spatial magnetic field distribution based on the combined ring permanent magnets are carried out to establish an axially distributed homogeneous magnetic field and provide a permanent magnet-based homogeneous magnetic field along the optical axis for FRS measurement. In this simulation, the method of finite element mesh division is adopted based on basic electromagnetic relationship in Maxwell equations. By the simulation study of the magnetic field distribution of the actual Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet magnetic ring array, the physical model proves to be reliable. Basically,three methods of optimizing the permanent magnetic ring arrays. i.e. single ideal value optimization method,the multi-part single objective optimization method, and the gradient optimization method, are proposed. The single ideal value optimization method and the multiple ideal value optimization method are used to realize the optimization of magnets. However, by analyzing the two methods, it is clear that compared with the single ideal value optimization method, the multiple ideal value optimization method in which the whole region is divided into several small parts can achieve good uniformity of permanent magnet array. In this way, the third method,i.e. the gradient optimization method is used to realize the construction of a homogeneous magnetic field with a uniform central axis magnetic flux density distribution used for FRS. Finally, the standard magnetic field uniformity for measuring the quality of magnet field is suggested, and through the calculation and evaluation of the magnetic field uniformity, the optimization effects of different optimization methods are analyzed and compared with each other. And the final results about realizing a homogeneous magnetic field provide a reference for developing the FRS equipment based on permanent magnets.