PCD刀具断屑槽参数仿生群算法优化

Bionic Group Algorithm Optimization of PCD Tool Chipbreaker Parameters

为提高PCD刀具使用寿命和Ti6Al4V钛合金工件表面质量,改善断屑效果,建立直线圆弧形断屑槽PCD刀具车削仿真模型,通过响应面法研究断屑槽参数(前角α、棱带长度L、曲率半径R)对切削力、刀尖温度和工件表面残余应力的影响,建立切削性能随断屑槽参数变化的二次多项式回归模型,应用方差分析和显著性检验验证模型的准确性。根据线性加权法,构建以切削力、刀尖温度和残余应力为目标的多目标优化模型,通过仿生群算法进行断屑槽参数优化。实验结果表明,PCD刀具断屑槽最优参数为前角α=30°、棱带长度L=0.1 mm、曲率半径R=0.42 mm。优化断屑槽参数后的PCD刀具能够有效降低切削力、刀尖温度和工件表面残余应力,改善断屑性能,形成规则的螺卷屑或长紧卷屑。

In order to improve the service life of PCD tools and the surface quality of Ti6 Al4 V titanium alloy workpieces and improve the chip breaking effect, a linear arc-shaped chip breaker PCD tool turning simulation model was established, and the chip breaker parameters(rake angle α,rib length L,radius of curvature R) influence on cutting force, tool tip temperature and residual stress on workpiece surface, and establish a quadratic polynomial regression model of cutting performance with chipbreaker parameters, and verify the accuracy of the model by analysis of variance and significance test.According to the linear weighting method, a multi-objective optimization model targeting cutting force, tool tip temperature and residual stress is constructed, and the chipbreaker parameters are optimized by the bionic group algorithm.The experimental results show that the optimal parameters of PCD tool chipbreaker are rake angle α=30°,rib length L=0.1 mm, and curvature radius R=0.42 mm.PCD tools with optimized chipbreaker parameters can effectively reduce cutting force, tool tip temperature and residual stress on the workpiece surface, improve chip breaking performance, and form regular spiral or long-tight chip.