都江堰地区繁殖期鸟类多样性

Diversity of birds in breeding season of Dujiangyan

都江堰地区位于生物多样性热点地区,具有丰富的鸟类多样性,但迄今仍缺乏全面的鸟类物种名录。本研究于2016年5月至2019年8月,在都江堰地区采用固定样线法开展了鸟类多样性调查,结合历史文献共记录该地区鸟类17目61科311种。其中留鸟184种(59.2%),夏候鸟68种(21.9%),冬候鸟35种(11.3%),旅鸟24种(7.7%);繁殖鸟类252种(81.0%);雀形目鸟类212种(68.2%);国家I级重点保护鸟类9种(2.9%),国家II级重点保护鸟类50种(16.1%),中国特有鸟类15种(4.8%)。研究发现,常绿-落叶阔叶混交林及灌丛中的鸟类物种最多,而常绿针叶林和竹林中的鸟类物种最少。都江堰地区鸟类群落丰富度的峰值出现在1,580-1,890 m海拔段,在1,890-2,200 m海拔段最低,呈现出单峰分布格局。作为生物多样性热点地区和旅游热点地区,都江堰今后应避免发展大规模单一的人工经济林,以更好地维系该地区丰富的鸟类多样性,并加强对该地区生物多样性的监测、研究和保护。

Aims Dujiangyan is located in a regional hotspot of biodiversity,which has significantly high avian diversity.However,a comprehensive list of bird species is still lacking there.Therefore,we conducted fixed-line transects bird surveys in Dujiangyan from May 2016 to August 2019 to map the avian diversity of the region.Methods Comprehensive surveys have been done to evaluate diversity of breeding birds by using the fixed line transects method.A total of 10 survey lines were set up inside and outside protected areas in the Dujiangyan,covering a wide range of diverse habitats at different altitudes.Based on historical document catalogs,infrared camera data,and data from the China Bird Report(http://www.birdreport.cn/),an updated list of the Dujiangyan was created in this study.Results Combined with historical documents,a total of 311 species of birds were recorded in Dujiangyan.The birds belong to 17 orders,61 families which including 184 residents(59.2%),68 summer visitors(21.9%),35 winter visitors(11.3%),and 24 passage migrants(7.7%).Breeding birds are 252 species(81.0%)and passerine birds are 212(68.2%)species.Fifteen species(4.8%)are endemic to China and 9 Class-I(2.9%)and 50 Class-II(16.1%)nationally protected birds were recorded in this region,respectively.Most of the birds were found in the shrubs,evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest habitats,while the evergreen coniferous forest and bamboo forest had fewer.The elevational richness of birds in Dujiangyan displayed a bell-shaped pattern with the highest species richness occurred at mid-elevations(1,580-1,890 m)and the lowest species richness at high elevations(1,890-2,200 m).Conclusion Dujiangyan is a global biodiversity hotspot,as well as a famous national tourism destination,in order to maintain the high diversity of birds in this area,we should reduce the area of monoculture commercial forests and the control human disturbance from tourism,as well as keep monitoring,studying,and conserving the diversity of birds into the future.