产业结构升级、财政支出偏向与城乡收入差距

On Industrial Structure Upgrading,Fiscal Expenditure Bias and Urban-rural Income Gap

党的十九届五中全会强调“我国城乡区域发展和收入分配差距较大”,如何缩小城乡收入差距、促进城乡协调发展是值得深入研究的问题。文章利用2007—2018年长江经济带108个地级(及以上)城市的面板数据,理论分析和实证分析考察了产业结构升级、财政支出偏向对城乡收入差距的影响。研究结果表明:(1)产业结构升级能够通过吸纳农村剩余劳动力、优化农村产业结构,提高农村居民非农收入,从而缩小城乡收入差距。(2)财政支出偏向将有限的资源集中于城市地区,不利于要素的合理配置,限制农村农业的发展和农村居民收入水平提升,从而扩大城乡收入差距。(3)财政支出的城市偏向会减缓农村产业结构升级,削弱产业结构升级对城乡收入差距的影响。因此,完善农村社会保障体系、优化再分配机制、加快农村基础设施建设、切实推进乡村振兴对于缩小城乡收入差距的意义重大。

The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee stressed that“there is a large gap between urban and rural regional development and income distribution in China”.How to narrow the urban-rural income gap and promote the coordinated development of urban and rural areas is a problem worthy of in-depth study.Using the panel data of 108 prefecture level(or above)cities in the Yangtze River economic belt from 2007 to 2018,this paper investigates the impact of industrial structure upgrading and fiscal expenditure bias on urban-rural income gap through theoretical and empirical analysis.The results show that:(1)the up⁃grading of industrial structure can reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas by absorbing rural surplus labor force,opti⁃mizing rural industrial structure and improving rural residents’non-agricultural income;(2)fiscal expenditure tends to concentrate limited resources in urban areas,which is not conducive to the rational allocation of factors,restricts the development of rural agri⁃culture and the improvement of rural residents’income level,so as to expand the income gap between urban and rural areas;(3)in addition,the urban bias of fiscal expenditure slows down the upgrading of rural industrial structure and weakens the impact of in⁃dustrial structure upgrading on the income gap between urban and rural areas.Improving the rural social security system,optimiz⁃ing the redistribution mechanism,accelerating the construction of rural infrastructure and effectively promoting rural revitalization are of great significance to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas.