中国二氧化碳排放现状与减排建议

Current Situation of Carbon Dioxide Emission and Suggestions for Emission Reduction in China

中国是二氧化碳排放大国,具有单位GDP二氧化碳排放偏高和人均二氧化碳排放相对较低等特点。运用二氧化碳排放系数法和投入产出法,核算2018年中国30个省份、8个行业的能源消费二氧化碳排放量,结果显示:30个省(自治区、直辖市)中山西省、内蒙古自治区、宁夏回族自治区的二氧化碳排放综合水平较高,北京市的低碳化发展较好;8个行业中,火力发电和工业是二氧化碳排放的主要行业。根据实际情况分析得出能源消费结构、资源禀赋、产业结构、二氧化碳的省际转移是影响二氧化碳排放的因素。建议从优化能源消费结构、推进重点地区和领域的低碳减排发展、发展除碳技术、促进减污减碳协同治理、完善绿色低碳政策和市场体系等方面入手,开展低碳减排政策制定和推动实施工作。

China is one of the large countries of carbon dioxide emissions,and has the characteristics of relatively high carbon dioxide emissions per unit GDP and relatively low carbon dioxide emissions per capita.The carbon dioxide emission coefficient method and input-output analysis are used to calculate the carbon dioxide emissions of energy consumption in 30 provinces and 8 industries in China in 2018,and the results show that among the 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government),the comprehensive level of carbon dioxide emission in Shanxi Province,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is higher,and the low-carbon development in Beijing is better;among the eight industries,thermal power generation and industry are the main industries of carbon dioxide emissions.According to the analysis of the actual situation,it is concluded that the structure of energy consumption,resource endowment,industrial structure and the inter-provincial transfer of carbon dioxide are the factors affecting carbon dioxide emissions.It is suggested to formulate and promote the implementation of low-carbon emission reduction policies from the following aspects,including optimizing the structure of energy consumption,promoting the development of low-carbon emission reduction in key areas and fields,developing carbon removal technologies,strengthening coordinated governance of pollution reduction and carbon emission reduction,and improving the green and low-carbon policies and market system.