2011—2020年北京市某医院狂犬病暴露人群流行特征分析

A study about the epidemiological characteristics of rabies of the cases of medical treatment from a certain hospital in Beijing from 2011 to 2020

2011—2020年北京市某医院狂犬病免疫门诊累计接诊狂犬病暴露人群111213例,各年度暴露人群的月份分布基本一致,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);病例分布呈现明显季节性,5—10月为暴露高峰;暴露人群男女比例为1∶1.3;20~29岁年龄组居多(39.1%);暴露人群以在职人员为主(56.5%);Ⅱ级伤口(84.2%)较Ⅲ级伤口(14.9%)更为常见,Ⅲ级伤口的就诊例数自2017年开始呈现快速上升趋势;致伤部位最常见的是手部(60.7%)。致伤动物中犬最常见(60.6%),其次为猫(32.3%),犬致伤的人数呈逐年下降趋势,猫致伤呈上升趋势;致伤动物多为有主动物(75.5%)。2016—2020年致伤动物的狂犬病疫苗接种率[49.8%(24276/48703)]明显高于2011—2015年接种率为[18.6%(6559/35272)](χ^(2)=8597.18,P<0.001)。

From 2011 to 2020,there were 111213 cases of rabies exposed people recruited from the rabies immunization clinic of a hospital in Beijing.The monthly distribution of patients in each year was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The distribution of patients showed remarkable seasonality,with the exposure peak from May to October.The ratio of male to female was 1∶1.3.The majority of patients were aged 20-29 years old(39.1%)and in-service personnel(56.5%).Level-Ⅱwounds(84.2%)were more common than level-Ⅲwounds(14.9%).The number of visits to level-Ⅲwounds increased rapidly since 2017.The most common injured body part was hand(60.7%).Dogs were the most common animal for injuries(60.6%),followed by cats(32.3%),of which most were host animals(75.5%).The vaccination rate from 2016 to 2020[49.8%(24276/48703)]was significantly higher than that from 2011 to 2015[18.6%(6559/35272)](χ^(2)=8597.18,P<0.001).