新时代我国职业教育校企合作政策实证研究——基于中国特色学徒制的探索

An Empirical Study on School-Enterprise Cooperation Policy of Vocational Education in China in the New Era——Based on the Exploration of Apprenticeship with Chinese Characteristics

探索中国特色学徒制是“十四五”期间职业教育改革的重要任务,是职业教育大会会议精神题中之义,是职业教育产教融合和我国技能型社会建设的核心举措之一。在教育部 “职业教育现代学徒制” 三批试点及全面推行,人力资源和社会保障部“企业新型学徒制”两批试点和全面推行,国家发展和改革委员会 “老工业基地产业转型技术技能人才双元培育改革试点”以及产教融合型城市建设、产教融合型企业、产教融合实训基地建设中推动学徒制实施基础上,中国特色学徒制体系的“三梁”已经树立,初步框架已经形成,但治理结构亟待整合、补充和完善,法律和制度保障有待进一步建设,科学系统化的经费来源、拨付渠道和管理体系尚待建立。

Exploring the apprenticeship system with Chinese characteristics is the deployment task in 14th Five-Year Plan period,the key arrangement of 2021 Vocational Education Conference,and one of the core measures of the vocational education-industry integration as well as the skills society construction.On the basis of promoting the implementation of the apprenticeship system in the three batches of pilot and full implementation of the "modern apprenticeship system for vocational education" of the Ministry of Education,the two batches of pilot and full implementation of the "new apprenticeship for enterprises" of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security,the "pilot of dual cultivation and reform of technical and skilled talents in industrial transformation of old industrial bases" of the National Development and Reform Commission,and the construction of industry education integrated cities,industry education integrated enterprises and industry education integrated training bases,the "three beams" of the apprenticeship system with Chinese characteristics have been established and the preliminary framework has been formed.However for apprenticeship system with Chinese characteristics the governance structure needs to be integrated,supplemented and improved,the legal and institutional guarantee needs to be further constructed,the scientific and systematic funds,allocation channels and management system need to be established.