国土景观遗产系统的认知框架

The Cognitive Framework of National Landscape Heritage System

国土空间规划体系为国土景观遗产的统一性保护提供了契机。通过梳理意大利、法国、日本等业已进行的国土景观遗产保护立法与规划实践的国家经验,概括国土景观遗产的自然与文化价值,进而提出国土景观遗产系统的认知框架。从系统结构和要素关系的角度,将国土景观遗产系统分为由气候、地质、地表自然形态构成的第一自然性要素,由人类定居、迁移及生产活动塑造地表人工形态构成的第二自然性要素,以及由地表形态与具体族群精神映射构成的第三自然性要素。从分布空间及遗产价值的角度,将国土景观遗产系统归并为国土全域、区域、地方性的多层次体系。从研究理论及学术范式的角度,将国土景观遗产纳入景观的现时形态、演化过程、人文现象等解释路径中。

The national spatial planning system provides an opportunity for unified protection of the national landscape heritage.On the basis of discussing the national experience of Italy,France,Japan and other countries that have carried out national landscape heritage protection legislation and planning practice,this research summarizes the natural and cultural values of national landscape heritage.Then,it puts forward the cognitive framework of national landscape heritage system from the perspective of system structure and elements relationship,the first natural element is composed of climate,geology and surface natural form,the second one is composed of surface artificial form shaped by human settlement,movement and production activities,and the third one is composed of specific ethnic group spirit interactive reflection and surface natural form.From the perspective of distribution space and heritage value,it concludes that the national landscape heritage system is merged into a multi-level system of the national,regional and local levels.From the perspective of research theories and academic paradigms,it incorporates the national landscape heritage into the path of interpretation for the current form,evolution process and humanistic phenomenon of landscape.