日本风景认知与景观保护体系的发展脉络

The Development History of Landscape Consciousness and Conservation System in Japan

梳理日本风景认知形成与发展的历程,揭示日本景观保护体系经历了名胜、风致地区与美观地区、国立公园与风致保安林、历史风土、历史街区、文化景观、《景观法》、联合国教科文组织提出的城市历史景观等不同的发展时期。不同时期使用的关键语汇、技术手段反映了在民族意识觉醒和世界潮流的影响下,日本对风景的认知在不断进化发展。正是在认知不断发展的基础上,日本的景观保护制度才得以持续更新与进步。然而,因风景认知本身的文化根源所导致的问题与差别依然存在,日本未来推进景观保护工作和完善保护体系仍然面临挑战。

Summarizing the formation and development history of landscape conservation in Japan,this research has uncovered different ideas for each period,which cover famous places,scenic areas and aesthetic areas,national parks and scenic forests,historical terrains,historical districts,cultural landscapes,Landscape Law,and HUL(historic urban landscape)proposed by UNESCO.The keywords and technical means used in different periods reflect the evolving perception on landscape in Japan under the influence of the awakening ethnic consciousness and world trends.On the basis of these evolving perceptions,the Japanese landscape protection system has been continuously updated and developed.However,the differences caused by the cultural roots still exist and are challenges for Japan to further promote landscape conservation and improve system construction.