中国近代风景区制度的形成及其特征

The Formation and Characteristics of Modern Scenic Zone System in China

为更好理解中国风景认知传统的近代化进程,通过史料梳理,考察了中国近代风景区相关的制度形成过程。从考察结果来看,中国近代风景区制度是在引入森林保护、名胜古迹保护,以及市政规划等过程中逐渐形成的,主要分为由农林部门主导的旨在保护和建设风景区自然本底的风景林制度和由建设部门主导的旨在保护人文古迹并完善区内公共设施与管理体制的风景区制度2个部分。这2个部分共同作用于风景区的空间形成和发展,并且于20世纪30年代早期形成相应的风景区制度框架。对近代风景区制度形成历史过程的考察有助于挖掘制度形成背后的原因,强调在进行制度设计与调整时要尊重客观历史规律,同时也要注重对制度对象资源的特征分析。

To better understand the modernization of the tradition of Chinese landscape cognition,this research explores the formation process of the modern system related to scenic zones through reviewing historical materials.As shown in the results,the modern system of scenic zones was gradually formed through the introduction of forest protection,scenic spot and historic site conservation,and urban planning.It mainly comprises two parts:the scenic forestry system that is led by the agriculture and forestry department,and the scenic zone system that is led by the construction department for the protection of cultural and historic sites and the improvement of public facilities.The two parts worked together in the spatial formation and development of the scenic zones and formed the corresponding system framework in the early 1930s.By exploring the formation process of the modern system related to scenic zones,it unveils the reasons behind the formation of the system,stressing to comply with the historical laws as well as pay attention to the analysis of the characteristics of the target audience when designing or adjusting a system.