欧洲矿业遗产价值识别、保护与再生经验及启示

Experience and Inspiration of Value Identification,Protection and Regeneration of Mining Heritage in Europe

煤炭、金属与非金属等各类采矿地是现代工业遗产的重要组成,同时又是目前生态修复工程的主要对象。不恰当的修复治理方式极易破坏有价值的采矿工业遗迹,这使得中国矿业遗产保护与再生面临诸多挑战。通过文献和案例整理,系统分析了欧洲在矿业遗产价值识别、保护与再生领域的经验,比较不同欧洲国家的法律依据,总结出区域一体化统筹、多元主体参与、适应性再生与全方位宣传等策略。提出采矿地具有自然与文化双重遗产属性特征,并总结欧洲矿业遗产的理论研究和保护再生实践对中国的三方面启示:1)开展矿业遗产价值评估,识别矿区关键遗产资源;2)完善多层级矿业遗产保护管理体系;3)加强多部门跨专业协作,推动矿业遗产的活化和利用。

Mining sites of coal,metals and non-metals are important components of modern industrial heritage.They are also main targets of current ecological restoration projects.Inappropriate restoration and governance methods can easily damage valuable mining industrial relics,posing challenges to the protection and regeneration of China’s mining heritage.This research systematically analyzes the European experience and practices in mining heritage value identification,protection and regeneration,and compares the legal basis in different countries in Europe,as well as the strategies for regional integration,multi-subject participation,adaptive revitalization and all-round publicity.It proposes that mining sites are characterized by natural and cultural heritage properties.The European experience gives three inspirations for the protection and regeneration of mining heritage in China.Firstly,evaluate the mining heritage values and identify key heritage resources in the mining areas;Secondly,improve the multi-level mining heritage protection and management system;Thirdly,strengthen the multidepartmental and cross-professional collaboration to promote the activation and utilization of mining heritage.