蓝绿空间管理视角下伦敦城市生物多样性保护策略演变(2002-2021年)

The Evolution of Urban Biodiversity Conservation Strategies in London from the Perspective of Blue and Green Space Management(2002-2021)

大伦敦市政府于2002年颁布了《与伦敦的自然连接——市长的生物多样性策略》,近20年来,结合空间规划,发展了以蓝绿空间管理为核心的生物多样性保护策略,促进多元社会生态价值的实现。采用历史研究与政策分析相结合的研究方法,对联合国、欧盟、英国及伦敦4个层面的政策进行分析,揭示政策设计的核心思路演变。伦敦通过立法将生物多样性保护作为市长的职责,构建了结合栖息地保护与新建,发挥蓝绿空间在环境教育、绿色经济、公众游憩等方面社会生态价值的综合性政策框架,通过将生物多样性保护纳入空间规划,保障了相关政策的长期实施及完善。伦敦城市生物多样性保护主要通过建设城市重要自然保护地(SINC)体系,在城市开发中进行生物多样性补偿来实现。通过梳理多级政策背后的保护理念演变,阐明伦敦蓝绿空间管理中实现生物多样性净收益的关键策略,为未来国土空间规划与管理背景下的城市生物多样性保护政策的制定提供参考。

In 2002,the Greater London Authority promulgated Connecting with London’s Nature—The Mayor’s Biodiversity Strategy.In the past 20 years,through integrating with spatial plans,it has carried out biodiversity conservation strategy centered on the blue and green space management to promote the realization of diverse social and ecological values.Using policy analysis and historical research,this research examines the policies at the levels of the United Nations,the EU,the UK and London,to uncover the evolution of core ideas of policy design.London has legislated biodiversity conservation as a duty of the major,and established a comprehensive policy framework that combines habitat protection and new construction to give full play to the social and ecological value of blue and green space in environment education,green economy,public recreation and so on.By incorporating biodiversity conservation into the spatial planning,it has guaranteed longterm policy implementation and improvement.The urban biodiversity conservation strategies of London are realized by developing the sites of importance for nature conservation(SINC)system and promoting biodiversity compensation in urban development.By sorting out the evolution of the protection concept behind the multi-level policies,it illustrates the key strategies to achieve biodiversity net gain in London’s management of the blue and green space.It can provide a reference for the formulation of urban biodiversity conservation policies in the context of future territorial space planning and management.