俄罗斯全纳教育:价值取向、施为逻辑与现实挑战

Inclusive Education in Russia:Value Orientation,Practice Logic and Realistic Challenges

全纳教育既是时下盛行的全球性教育思潮,也是促进基础教育均衡发展的重要途径。通过国内外相关文献分析发现,俄罗斯积极开展全纳教育,形成体系化发展路径。俄罗斯全纳教育在价值预设上认同公平和包容的国际主张,以促进共同参与和实现每个人的成功为实践目标;在实践中修改法律政策以维护处境不利儿童的教育权利和学习机会,投入资源创设包容性学习环境,完善教育测评机制并拓宽学生发展渠道以促进其自我实现。俄罗斯已建成涵盖教育起点、过程和结果的全流程全纳保障体系,同时也面临入学机制限制、师资系统性培养缺乏等现实挑战。摆脱对旧制度模式的路径依赖,乘数字教育变革之风,探索教育制度和师资培养模式的创新发展是俄罗斯全纳教育的新机遇。

Inclusive education is an important global thought and practical means to promote education equity.Through the analysis of relevant domestic and foreign documents,it is found that Russia is actively developing inclusive education and forming a systematic development path.Inclusive education in Russia agrees with the international proposition of fairness and inclusion in its value presupposition,and it takes promoting everyone’s participation and success as its educational development goals.In the practice of inclusive education,Russia revised laws and policies to safeguard the rights and opportunities of disadvantaged children;invests resources to create an inclusive environment;improve the educational evaluation mechanism and broaden student development channels.Although Russia has built a guarantee system covering the education start,process,and results,it also faces with challenges such as the limitations of the enrollment mechanism,the lack of systematic training of teachers,etc.Getting rid of the path dependence on the old system model and exploring the innovative development path of the education system and teacher training model by taking advantage of the digital transformation of education are new opportunity for inclusive education.