哈尼梯田稻鲤共作与单养模式下福瑞鲤肠道菌群结构比较研究

Comparison of gut microbiota in carps from fish monoculture ponds and the rice-fish co-culture system in Hani Terraces

【目的】分析不同养殖模式的福瑞鲤肠道菌群结构组成和群落特征。【方法】通过16S rRNA高通量测序技术,分析比较哈尼梯田稻鲤共作、传统池单养、水泥池单养模式下的福瑞鲤肠道菌群的结构组成和丰度差异。【结果】梯田稻鲤组(RCIC)、传统池鲤组(YPIC)和水泥池鲤组(HPIC)分别获得了2345、238和118个OTU。RCIC组的Sobs指数及PD指数最高,显著高于YPIC组(P<0.05),极其显著高于HPIC组(P<0.01);池塘单养模式下,两组之间多样性指数也存在显著差异,YPIC组大于HPIC组(P<0.05)。含量大于10%优势菌门:RCIC组主要为变形菌门(39.39%)、梭杆菌门(38.55%)和厚壁菌门(15.4%);YPIC组为变形菌门(21.87%)、梭杆菌门(58.27%);HPIC组为变形菌门(46.63%)、梭杆菌门(53.14%)。变形菌和梭杆菌为3组福瑞鲤肠道样品的优势菌群,其中的鲸杆菌属(Cetobacterium)、气单胞菌属(Aeromonas)为核心优势菌属。LEfSe线性判别分析(LDA>3)显示17个具有差异的标记菌属,其中Romboutsia、Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1、Enterobacter、Paraclostridium、Methylobacterium、norank_f__norank_o__Chloroplast、Edwardsiella、Epulopiscium为RCIC组具有的差异标记菌属。【结论】不同养殖模式的福瑞鲤既有固有菌群,也塑造差异显著的肠道菌群组成结构。稻梯田鲤肠道菌群丰富度和多样性显著增加,且具有更多的有益差异标记菌属,获得更健康的肠道菌群群落特征。

[Objective]This paper aims to analyze the gut microbiota structure of Furuili 2(Cyprinus carpio)from different culture systems.[Methods]The 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing was performed to analyze the composition and abundance of gut microbiota in Furuili 2 carps from the rice-fish co-culture system in Hani Terraces(RCIC),monoculture system in conventional pond(YPIC),and the monoculture system in cement pond(HPIC).[Results]The high-throughput sequencing yielded 2345,238,and 118 operational taxonomic units(OTUs)for the gut microbes in carps from RCIC,YPIC,and HPIC groups,respectively.Sobs and PD indexes in RCIC group were higher than those in YPIC group(P<0.05)and HPIC group(P<0.01),and the diversity indexes in YPIC group were higher than those in HPIC group(P<0.05).The dominant phyla(abundance>10%)were Proteobacteria(39.39%),Fusobacteria(38.55%),and Firmicutes(15.4%)in RCIC group,Proteobacteria(21.87%)and Fusobacteria(58.27%)in YPIC group,and Proteobacteria(46.63%)and Fusobacteria(53.14%)in HPIC group.At the genus level,Cetobacterium and Aeromonas were dominant in all samples.LEfSe analysis(LDA>3)suggested 17 biomarkers,among which 8 were abundant in RCIC group:Romboutsia,Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1,Enterobacter,Paraclostridium,Methylobacterium,norank_f__norank_o__Chloroplast,Edwardsiella,and Epulopiscium.[Conclusion]Different culture modes enabled significantly different microbiota structures in carps.In particular,RCIC group boasted higher richness and diversity of gut flora of carps and had more beneficial bacterial markers.As a result,the intestines of carps were healthier.