校园氛围、手机依赖与青少年体育锻炼的关系:一项3年的纵向追踪调查

Relationship between School Climate,Mobile Phone Addiction and Adolescent Physical Exercise:A 3-Year Longitudinal Follow-Up Survey

目的:采用纵向研究设计方案,实证探究校园氛围、手机依赖与青少年体育锻炼的因果关系。方法:采用青少年感知校园氛围问卷、手机依赖指数量表和体育活动等级量表,对644名青少年(男生47.52%)进行为期3年、3个阶段的纵向追踪调查。结果:对于青少年,校园氛围和手机依赖的性别差异皆未达到显著水平(P>0.05),而体育锻炼具有跨3年的、稳定的性别差异(P<0.001),3年的性别差异效应量分别为0.282(Cohen’s d=0.587)、0.242(Cohen’s d=0.500)和0.320(Cohen’s d=0.675);校园氛围、手机依赖与青少年体育锻炼具有同步的、稳定的相关性(P<0.001);交叉滞后分析显示,校园氛围能够显著预测青少年后续的手机依赖和体育锻炼(P<0.001),手机依赖能够显著预测青少年后续的体育锻炼(P<0.001),并且在校园氛围影响青少年体育锻炼时,手机依赖具备中介效应。结论:对于青少年,男生的体育锻炼状况好于女生;校园氛围是青少年参与体育锻炼的促进因素,手机依赖是青少年从事体育锻炼的制约因素,并且校园氛围能够缓解青少年的手机依赖倾向,进而促进其体育锻炼。从某种程度上讲,研究在一定程度上解释了校园氛围、手机依赖与青少年体育锻炼的内在因果关联,所得结论可为制定青少年锻炼激励决策提供实践启示。

Objective:Empirical explored the causal relationship between the school climate,mobile phone addiction and adolescents’physical exercise by the longitudinal research design plan.Methods:Used the perceived school climate scale for adolescent(PSCS),the mobile phone addiction index(MPAI),and the physical activity rating scale(PARS-3),this paper made a three-year,three-stage follow-up investigation on 644 adolescents(47.52% boys).Results:For adolescents,the gender differences in school climate and mobile phone addiction were not significant(P<0.05).However,their physical exercise had the stable gender difference that spans three years(P<0.001),and the three years effect sizes of the gender difference were 0.282(Cohen’s d=0.587),0.242(Cohen’s d=0.500)and 0.320(Cohen’s d=0.675),respectively.There were the trans-temporal-stable significant correlations between the school climate,mobile phone addiction and their physical exercise(P<0.001).The cross-lagged analysis revealed that,the school climate could significantly predict follow-up mobile phone addiction and their physical exercise(P<0.001),and the mobile phone addiction could significantly predict follow-up their physical exercise also(P<0.001).Moreover,when the school climate affected adolescents physical exercise,the mobile phone addiction had the intermediary effect.Conclusion:For adolescents,male physical exercise is better than female.Moreover,the school climate is the stimulating factor for adolescents’physical exercise,and the mobile phone addiction is the restrictive factor for adolescents’physical exercise.Furthermore,the school climate could alleviate adolescents mobile phone addiction tendency,thereby promoting their physical exercise.To a certain extent,the research explains the internal mechanism of the influences of the school climate,mobile phone addiction and physical exercise about adolescent,and these conclusions could provide the important practical enlightenment for formulate exercise incentive decision for adolescent.