空手道训练者自我控制能力的优势研究

Advantages of Self-control in Karate Trainers

目的:考察有空手道训练经历者相比无训练经历者在自我控制能力上的优势。方法:本研究招募了70名大学生受试者(男29名,女41名;年龄:17-25岁),有空手道训练经历和无训练经历的个体各35名,并分别选取了Go/No go任务、靠墙直角坐任务、自编情境自控任务和特质自控量表来测量个体的认知自控能力、行为自控能力、自控情境中的眼动行为表现和特质自我控制水平。结果:就整体而言,有空手道训练经历的个体在自我控制能力上强于无训练经历的个体,具体包括:(1)在认知自控的测量(Go/No go任务)中:有训练经历组的表现(d值)优于无训练经历组,且该优势在男性中比在女性中更为明显;(2)在行为自控的测量(靠墙直角坐任务)中:有训练经历组第一次靠墙直角坐任务的坚持时间长于无训练经历组,且两次任务坚持时间的下降比率小于无训练经历组;(3)情境自控任务中:有训练经历组在主任务兴趣区的相对注视次数和相对注视时间均高于无训练经历组;(4)在特质自控量表的得分上,两组实验参与者未表现出差异。结论:无论是在认知还是行为层面,有空手道训练经历的个体都比无空手道训练经历个体表现出更强的自我控制能力,尽管两者自我主观报告的特质自控水平相同。

Objective:This study was to examine the advantages in self-control of karate training experience over non-training experience.Methods:This study recruited 70 college students(29 males and 41 females;Age:17 to 25 years old),35 individuals with karate training experience and 35 individuals without karate training experience,and selected Go/No go task,wall-sit task,situational self-control task and self-control scale for Chinese college students(SCS)to measure individual’s cognitive self-control ability,behavioral self-control ability,eye movement behavior performance in self-control situation and trait self-control level.Results:Overall,individuals with karate training experience had stronger self-control ability than those without training experience.1)In the measure of cognitive self-control(Go/No go task),the performance(d value)of the group with training experience was greater than that of the group without training experience,and the advantage was greater in males than in females;2)In the measurement of behavioral self-control(wall-sit task),the persistence time of the first time in the group with training experience was longer than that of the group without training experience,and the decline rate of the persistence time of the two times in the group with training experience was lower than that of the group without training experience;3)In the situational self-control task,the relative fixation times and relative fixation time in the main task area of interest of the group with training experience were higher than those without training experience;4)There was no difference in the scores of SCS between the two groups of experimental participants.Conclusion:Individuals with karate training experience show stronger self-control ability than those without karate training experience in both cognitive and behavioral aspects,though they didn’t subjectively report different levels of trait self-control.