竞技武术套路长拳“韵”之美学特征探究

Study on Aesthetic Characteristics of "Yun" of Changquan in Competitive Wushu Routine

竞技武术作为武术运动的重要分支,是武术运动步入国际的"探路者",但在迎合国际体育运动规则和标准的过程中,不可避免地会发生一些偏离或异化现象,其中尤为突出的是在竞技武术套路量化评判的同时,难度替代演练而成为运动员竞技水平的核心竞争力,从而造成运动员演练风格逐渐趋向统一,这也正是导致学界对竞技武术套路规则进行批判的根源所在。因此,文章采用文献资料法、逻辑分析法等研究方法,以美学范畴中的"韵"为研究起点,对竞技武术套路长拳进行了分析,认为"韵"作为武术传承发展的关键要素,在竞技武术长拳项目的演练中无处不在,其主要展现在运动员上下场起止的人格气场;长拳套路编排的动作结构与空间的特征;"十二型"中动作规格与节奏的表达;动作劲力与呼吸方法的调和以及套路演练中意境与音律的交融,由此可将竞技武术套路长拳中"韵"的美学特征归纳为场韵、编韵、型韵、气韵、音韵五个方面。

As an important branch of Wushu, competitive Wushu is the "pathfinder" for Wushu to enter the international sports. However, in the process of meeting the international sports rules and standards, some deviations or alienation will inevitably occur. What is particularly prominent is that while the quantitative evaluation of competitive Wushu routines, difficult movements replace the whole exercise and become the core competitiveness of athletes’ competitive level, resulting in the gradual unification of athletes’ training styles, which is the main reason why the academic circle criticizes the rules of competitive Wushu routines. Therefore, this paper adopts the research methods of literature and logical analysis, takes "Yun" in the aesthetic category as the starting point of this research, and analyzes Changquan of the competitive Wushu routine. It is believed that "Yun", as the key element of the inheritance and development of Wushu, is everywhere in the exercise of competitive Wushu’ Changquan. It is mainly shown in the athletes’ personality charm from the beginning to the end of the game;The movement structure and space characteristics of the arrangement of Changquan routines;The expression of the action specification and rhythm in "twelve types";The harmonization of movement strength and breathing method, the blend of artistic conception and melody in routine exercise. Therefore, the aesthetic characteristics of "Yun" in Changquan of competitive Wushu routine can be summarized into five aspects: the charisma of personality on the field, the charm of Wushu routine, the complete expression of "twelve types" movements, the clever use of breathing methods during the drill, and the perfect combination of routines and music.