明代民间日用类书中的“武备门”研究

On the “Wubei Category” of Ming Dynasty Folk Daily-Use Encyclopedias

民间日用类书是宋元以来在地方社会广泛流传的一种书籍,这类书籍里所辑录的内容丰富。文章运用文献资料法和文本分析等研究方法,通过梳理明代不同版本日用类书中的武术文献,发现其所属类目及内容上的相互影响。万历前期,武术文献并没有单独的门类;而在中后期,开始有了专门的门类——"武备门",内容主要有射艺、战阵、武艺三部分构成。就武艺而言,主要有擒拿、拳法、器械三大部分内容,但不同版本日用类书中的武术内容之间相互影响,不仅体现在因直接抄袭而导致的结构与内容上的雷同,还表现在部分内容上的删减、编排顺序的调整,以及新增内容的出现。但即便如此,"武备门"中的很多武术内容不见于其它武术文献的记载,因此对于明代武术的研究仍具有重要的价值。

The folk daily-use encyclopedias, the abundant contents of books, were widely circulated in local society in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties By analyzing the Wushu literature in different versions of daily-use encyclopedias in Ming Dynasty, this paper found that the categories of daily-use encyclopedias and contents were influenced by each other. In the early Wanli period, there was a gap in separate category of Wushu literature. However, Wubei Category, a special category of Wushu, occurred with the content mainly composed of Toxophily, Battle array and Feat in the middle and late period. Feat contained Catch, Boxing and Wushu equipment, but the contents of Wushu in different versions of daily-use encyclopedias had mutual influence, which was not only reflected in the similarity of structure and contents caused by direct plagiarism, but also in a change in the order in which a section of contents was deleted and the appearance of new content. But even so, many Wushu contents in Wubei Category were not recorded in other Wushu literature. Thus, it is still of great value for the study of Wushu in Ming Dynasty.