奖赏预期对选择性注意的影响——基于客体和空间的注意的区别

Effect of Monetary Incentive on Selective Attention——Distinction Between Object-based Attention and Spacebased Attention

为了探究奖赏预期对选择性注意的影响,结合金钱激励延迟任务和双矩形范式,通过两个实验考察了奖赏预期的有无和高低对选择性注意的影响。实验结果表明,有奖赏预期时,选择性注意更快,奖赏预期的有无对基于空间的注意影响区别不大,但奖赏预期几乎消除了基于客体的注意;高奖赏预期条件消除了基于客体的注意。这表明奖赏预期可以影响选择性注意,并对基于空间和客体的注意产生不同影响。

Previous studies on the effect of reward on selective attention mainly focused on reward attributes,reward learning and reward history,whereas less attention was paid to the effect of anticipated stage of reward on selective attention.Reward anticipation refers to the desire for the upcoming reward.In the reward anticipation stage,the reward can induce the individuals to have a strong motivation to complete the task.This study is to explore the effect of reward anticipation on selective attention.We carried out two experiments combining monetary incentive delay task and two-rectangle paradigm.A cue indicating the reward condition of each trial(incentive vs.non-incentive)or(low-incentive vs.high-incentive)was followed by the presentation of two-rectangle paradigm.Participants needed to make a key response to the goal in the two-rectangle paradigm quickly and accurately.The goals included four kinds of situations,"valid":the target was in the cued location(96 trials),"invalid same-object":the target was at the uncued end of the cued rectangle(32 trials),"invalid different-object":the target was on the uncued rectangle(32 trials)and"capture stimulus":the target was absent(64 trials).If the target did not appear,there was no need to make any response.The reward and non-reward conditions were equally divided,and the trials were presented randomly.After the completion of the experiment,the participants were given a basic reward and additional reward based on performance.Reaction times and the error rates were recorded.After repeated measures of variance analysis of the obtained data,we found that in Experiment 1,under the condition of anticipated reward,reaction time was significantly faster than no anticipated reward condition.Under the condition of reward anticipation,the response time under the condition of valid was significantly lower than the condition of invalid same-object and invalid different-object(space-based attention exists),and the RT under the condition of invalid same-object was equal to that under the condition of invalid different-object(object-based attention almost doesn’t exist).Under the condition of no reward anticipation,the response time under the condition of valid was significantly lower than that under the conditions of invalid same-object and invalid different-object,and the response time under the condition of invalid same-object was significantly lower than that under the condition of invalid different-object.In Experiment 2,under the condition of high reward anticipation,the response time under the condition of valid was significantly lower than that under the condition of invalid same-object and invalid different-object,and the RT under the condition of invalid same-object was equal to that under the condition of invalid different-object.Under the condition of low reward anticipation,the response time under the condition of valid was significantly lower than that under the conditions of invalid same-object and invalid different-object,and the response time under the condition of invalid same-object was significantly lower than that under the condition of invalid different-object.These results show that reward anticipation affects selective attention and has different effects on object-based and space-based selective attention.