个体对不同社会阶层的内隐公平偏见及态度

Implicit Fairness Bias and Attitude of Individuals towards Different Social Class

考察个体对不同社会阶层的公平偏见及内隐态度,对社会治理和发展具有重要意义。采用内隐联想测验(IAT)对上述问题进行了探讨,结果发现,相对于低社会阶层,个体更易将公平性词汇与高社会阶层相联结(实验1);也更易将积极性词汇与高社会阶层相联结(实验2)。上述结果表明,个体存在社会阶层偏好,对高社会阶层持有一种更加公平的、积极的内隐认知。

With the continuous solidification of social class,the contradictions between different social classes become more and more serious,and the social problems caused by this have attracted more and more attention.Investigating what kind of fairness bias and implicit attitude individuals have towards high and low social classes is of great significance to social governance and development.Two experiments were conducted to explore the fairness bias and implicit attitude of individuals towards different social classes.In Experiment 1,we used the Implicit Association Test(IAT)to examine whether individuals classified high social class and fair words into the same category,and low social class and unfair words into the same category.Therefore,the combination of high social class and fair words,low social class and unfair words were defined as compatible blocks,while the combination of high social class and unfair words,low social class and fair words were defined as incompatible blocks.In Experiment 2,we used the same method to examine whether individuals classified high social class with positive words and low social class with negative words.Similarly,the combination of high social class and positive words,low social class and negative words were defined as compatible blocks,while the combination of high social class and negative words,low social class and positive words were defined as incompatible blocks.The results showed that:(1)In experiment 1,the response time of the incompatible blocks(M=887.77,SD=251.11)were significantly longer than the response time of the compatible blocks(M=799.89,SD=203.05),t(35)=2.39,p<.05,d=.40.In addition,according to the calculation method of the effect value D proposed by Greenwald(2003),72.2%of the participants of the D value were greater than 0,the participants of the IAT effect value D distributed in.01~.94,the D value with 0 for one sample t-test results showed that the mean value(M=.17,SD=.41)were significantly greater than 0,t(35)=2.41,p<.05,d=.40.The result indicated that compared with low social class,individuals were more likely to associate fair words with high social class.(2)In experiment 2,the response time of the incompatible blocks(M=1023.67,SD=241.81)were significantly longer than the response time of the compatible blocks(M=688.80,SD=124.98),t(37)=1.63,p<.001,d=1.72.In addition,the participants'IAT effect value D were distributed between.17~1.18,and the results of single sample t test of D value at 0 showed that the mean value(M=.64,SD=.27)were significantly greater than 0,t(37)=14.67,p<.001,d=2.38.The result indicated that compared with low social class,individuals were more likely to associate positive words with high social class.In conclusion,the present results showed that individuals were more likely to associate high social class with fair and positive words,and low social class with unfair and negative words on the implicit level.In other words,people have a social class preference,holding a more fair and positive implicit cognition to the high social class.Based the above results,we speculate that the so-called"hatred of the rich"may be caused by the conflict between the bad behaviors of a few people in the high social group and the positive expectations of the group in the public's implicit cognition.The current results provide a certain reference for how to alleviate the contradictions and conflicts between different social classes.