有机肥配施化肥对橘园土壤肥力、果实品质及产量的影响

Effects of Organic Fertilizer Combined with Chemical Fertilizer Amendment on Soil Fertility,Fruit Quality and Yield in Citrus Orchard

为探究有机肥配施化肥对柑橘园土壤肥力、果实品质及产量的影响,在长期种植柑橘基地开展有机肥及有机肥配施化肥的田间试验,研究橘园土壤养分含量、果实品质和产量的变化,为四川丘陵地区柑橘园土壤合理施用有机肥,减施化肥提供理论基础。以当地习惯施肥为对照(CK),有机肥配施化肥(OF+CF),仅施有机肥(OF),共3个处理。测定不同处理下土壤pH值、养分含量、果实品质(可溶性固形物,有机酸,Vc等)和产量及经济效益的变化。OF+CF处理和OF处理能提高土壤pH值,增加土壤有机质含量,增加土壤全氮含量,而全钾和全磷含量降低。OF+CF处理的土壤碳氮比较CK处理降低18.39%(p<0.05)。与CK相比,OF+CF处理和OF处理的果实的可溶性糖含量较CK分别增加29.26%和18.44%,而有机酸分别下降30.52%和22.94%,果实的Vc含量分别增加16.04%和11.19%。OF+CF处理和OF处理的柑橘产量较CK处理增加75.10%和56.32%(p<0.05)。田间试验结果表明,有机肥及其配施化肥能够更好地提高土壤pH值,增加有机质含量,改善果实品质,提高柑橘产量,从而减少化肥的施用,提高柑橘种植的经济效益。

In order to explore the effects of organic fertilizer(OF) or combined application of chemical fertilizer(CF)on the soil fertility,fruit quality and yield of citrus orchard,an experiment based on OF and its combined application of CF were carried out for the long-term planting citrus orchard.Soil nutrient content,fruit quality and yield were studied to provide a theoretical basis for the rational application of organic fertilizers and reduction of chemical fertilizer in Sichuan hilly region of citrus orchards.Comparing local custom fertilization as control(CK),organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizer(OF+CF),and only application of organic fertilizer(OF),and thus formed a total of 3 treatments.The changes of soil pH value,soil nutrient content,orange fruit quality(soluble solids,organic acids,Vc,etc.),as well as yield and economic benefits were determined under the three different treatments.The results showed that OF+CF and OF treatments improved soil pH,increased soil organic matter content and soil total nitrogen content,and decreased soil total potassium and total phosphorus content.Compared with CK,the carbon-nitrogen ratio under the OF+CF treatment was 18.39% lower than that under CK(p<0.05).Compared with CK,the OF+CF and OF treatments increased the soluble sugar content and Vc content,while decreased organic acid by 30.52% and 22.94%,(p<0.05),respectively.Obviously,OF and OF+CF significantly improved the orange yield about 56.32% and 75%(p<0.05) compared to the CK treatment,respectively.The results of field experiments showed that organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer can improve soil pH,increase organic matter content,improve fruit quality,and increase orange yield,thereby reducing the application of chemical fertilizer and improving the economic benefits of citrus.