住宅建筑气候适应性优化设计研究

Research on Climate Responsive Optimisation Design of Residential Buildings

以中国5个典型城市的气候条件为例,提出住宅建筑气候适应性优化设计流程。基于Grasshopper参数化性能分析平台,和Ladybug/Honeybee环境分析插件,以热环境舒适度模型、建筑能耗模型和建筑生命周期成本模型为目标函数进行优化分析。发现哈尔滨和北京气候条件下,住宅建筑应选择n ZEB’(权衡最优)设计参数,而上海、昆明和深圳气候条件下,C-O(成本效益最优)解决方案比n ZEB(节能最优)解决方案的综合效益更好。基于参数化性能模拟的多目标优化可以有效辅助住宅建筑的气候适应性设计研究。

Building energy waste is one of the major challenges in the world today.In recent years,countries worldwide have successively proposed norms and goals for the energy efficiency of buildings.It is an important stage to realise energy-saving buildings in the stage of schematic design.The keys of the schematic design stage are different from those in the follow-up stages.In the schematic design stage,attention is paid to the interaction and influences of buildings and environmental factors.As the design process goes on,attention shifts to internal mechanical systems.Today,most architects find it difficult to make decisions on energysaving designs in the schematic design stage because they lack the essential analysis means and methods.This study proposed a climate responsive design method for mid-rise and low-rise residential buildings based on parametric simulation to establish a multi-variable and multi-objective correlation parameter analysis framework per the climatic characteristics of typical cities in different city climate zones.Moreover,multi-objective optimisation was used as the preliminary analysis mean of energy-saving buildings.Meanwhile,indoor thermal comfort,buildings’energy demands,and life-cycle building cost were used as objective functions.On these bases,passive energy-saving design parameters in the schematic design stage were optimised.Results can provide a series of references for the energy-saving design of mid-rise and low-rise buildings in different cities.Meanwhile,energy-saving design laws of residential buildings in typical cities of different climate zones were summarised.In this study,residential buildings in five typical cities in China were chosen as research objects.A climate-responsive optimisation design workflow for residential buildings was proposed based on the Grasshopper parametric performance analysis platform.This workflow has three objective functions:the thermal comfort model,energy-saving building model and life-cycle cost model.A quantitative assessment of the performances of reference buildings listed in the energy-saving norms for residential buildings in typical cities was carried out from the perspective of energy saving,thermal comfort and cost-effectiveness.Additionally,guidelines for the energy-saving design of residential buildings in different cities were proposed from the perspectives of the public sector(optimal energy saving)and private households(optimal cost-effectiveness).This study provides specific analysis methods and practical tools for building design-oriented to high thermal comfort,lower energy consumption and low life-cycle cost.The proposed design method can inspire and guide the climate-responsive analysis and design process of mid-rise and low-rise residential buildings in China and deepen architects’understanding of the energy-saving design principle for mid-rise and low-rise residential buildings,and offer them methods and cases in the practical design process.