中国环境立法年度观察报告(2021)

Annual Observation Report on Environmental Legislation in China(2021)

2021年,中国环境立法在环境法体系化、法律制度建设、地方环境立法等方面取得了明显进展。从环境立法历史发展过程来看,2021年出台的环境法律从形式和实质两个方面推进了环境法的体系化,新出台的环境法律和行政法规在污染防治法和自然资源保护法二分的框架之下发展了环境法律制度体系。国家层面的环境立法展现了环境法体系化发展的方向。2021年地方立法机关新制定各类环境法规249件,覆盖了生态环境保护的各个领域,其中污染防治、生态和自然资源保护仍是环境立法的重点领域,气候变化、人居环境保护等新领域环境立法也有不少成果。总体上,地方环境立法的定位和层级分工日渐明确,区域协同立法等也显示了立法机制的创新,但仍存在创新空间趋窄、立法同质化等问题。环境立法研究反映了环境立法的发展方向。

China′s Environmental Legislation in 2021 has made significant progress in such areas as the systematization of environmental law,the construction of legal system,and local environmental legislation.From the perspective of the historical development of environmental legislation,the environmental law promulgated in 2021 has promoted the systematization of environmental law in both form and substance.The new environmental law and administrative regulation have developed the environmental legal system under the dualistic framework of pollution prevention and control law and natural resources protection law.The environmental legislation at national level shows the direction of the systematic development of environmental law.In 2021,the local legislature has enacted 249 environmental regulations covering various areas of ecological and environmental protection,of which pollution prevention and control,ecological and natural resource protection are still the key areas of environmental legislation.Achievements have also been made in legislation in new areas such as climate change and the protection of human settlements.On the whole,the positioning and hierarchical structure of local environmental legislation are becoming more and more clear,and the regional coordinated legislation also shows the innovation of legislative mechanism.However,there are still some problems such as narrow space for innovation and homogeneity of legislation.The research on environmental legislation reflects the direction of its further development.