iPSCs在家畜育种中的作用研究进展

Advances in the Role of iPSCs in the Breeding of Husbandry Animals

胚胎干细胞(Embryonic Stem Cells,ESCs)是一种具有多向分化潜能的多能性干细胞。大动物具有繁殖率低、世代间隔长等缺陷,利用ESCs进行扩繁、育种具有绝佳优势。但经过40年的探索,几乎所有大动物的ESCs尚未建立。2006年Yamanaka提出诱导多能干细胞(Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells,iPSCs)制备方法,为大动物干细胞制备打开一扇新大门。获得iPSCs可以成功避开ESCs建系困难、胚胎来源有限、移植后发生免疫排斥等一系列严重限制干细胞育种应用的问题,在大动物育种中有非常重要和深远的应用前景。本文综述了iPSCs在大动物育种中的研究进展,深入探讨了iPSCs作为干细胞在大动物育种中的潜在应用价值,并展望其应用前景。

Embryonic stem cells(ESCs)are pluripotent stem cells with multi-directional differentiation potential.The husbandry animals,such as cattle,have natural shortages in its breeding and reproduction because of their low reproduction rate and long generation intervals.Therefore,increase breeding efficiency of husbandry animals via using ESCs is an important point in the stem cell breeding,with important and far-reaching application prospect.However,ESCs of husbandry animals has not been successfully established even after 40 years of exploration.In 2006,the method of induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)proposed by Japanese scientist Yamanaka opened a brand new door for the stem cell breeding of large animals.The success of obtaining iPSCs turns aside a series of limitations to apply ESCs into animal breeding,such as the difficulty of ESCs construction,limited embryo source and immunological rejection after transplantation.The development of human iPS technology will fundamentally promote the progress of husbandry animals.This review summarized the research progress and discusses application strategy of iPSCs in husbandry animal breeding,and prospect the potential application value of iPSCs in the stem cell breeding of husbandry animals.