社会信用:关于内涵、结构与价值的哲学思考

The Philosophical Thinking on the Connotation, Structure and Value of Social Credit

社会信用在人类社会中的重要性日益凸显,是推动社会健康发展的重要基石。从内涵上来看,社会信用既是在社会实践中不同个体或组织以相互约定的方式建立的社会关系、也是在社会信用主体与社会信用客体之间达成的具有普遍约束性的道德伦理准则、又是通过制度形式实现利己与利他相统一的社会规范、还是基于相互信任对未来行为作出的事先约束。从结构上来看,社会信用按构成要素,可分为社会信用主体、社会信用客体、社会信用中介;按内在层次,包括言语层面的信用、制度层面的信用、道德层面的信用,按时间维度,可分为共时态的信用、历时态的信用等。从价值层面来看,社会信用是规范性生活的前提,有助于促进社会的公平与正义,能够降低社会运行成本和提高社会运转效率,对提升国家治理效能具有重要价值。

Social credit is playing an increasingly vital role in human society and serves as an important basis for its healthy development.From the perspective of its connotation,social credit is not only a social relationship established by mutual agreement between different individuals or organizations during social practice,but also a generally binding ethical code reached between its subject and object.It is also a social norm which unifies selfinterest and altruism through institutional form,or a prior restraint on future behavior on the basis of mutual trust.From the perspective of its structure,it can be divided into social credit subject,object and intermediary based on its component.From the perspective of its internal level,it includes the credit in verbal,institutional and moral level.From the perspective of time dimension,social credit includes synchronic and diachronic credit,etc.From the perspective of value,social credit is the very premise of normative life that facilitates social justice,reduces cost for social operation and enhances effectiveness in this regard,which is of great significance in enhancing the efficiency of state governance.