中国划设防空识别区的合理合法性刍议——基于政策法学的实证分析

A Feasibility Analysis for the Legitimacy and Legality of China’s ADIZ Extension from the Perspective of the Policy-Oriented Approach

作为一个较新的国际空间,防空识别区不仅受到既定和潜在政策的框架性规制,也在其相应法律拓展过程中引发了"合理性"和"正当性"的规范性困境。国际政策法学视角下中国防空识别区的划设将国际法和国际关系理论相结合,分析在既有条件下,国家行为体为建立防空识别区所达到之目的价值在各阶段过程当中的策略和趋势。中国设立防空识别区,在一般法律原则方面需要突出政策的"权力"价值取向,明确自卫权使用、维护国家安全而非针对特定国家意图;在推动和接轨国际条约方面需要考虑"财富和福祉"的价值取向,强化国际条约的价值和功能作用;在国际习惯规则方面需要突出政策的"尊重和情感"价值取向,通过国际实践塑造相关观念以减少或避免冲突。

As a new space for international relations,the Air Defense Identification Zone(ADIZ) is subject to the framework of established policies and potential policies,which also triggers the normative dilemma of "reasonability" and "legitimacy" in the process of corresponding legal expansion.From the perspective of policy and law,the design of China’s ADIZ combines the three major sources of international law theory and the theory of international relations,and analyzes the objective value achieved by state actors in establishing ADIZ under existing conditions.The establishment of a Chinese ADIZ needs to highlight the "power" value of the policy in the investigation of general legal principles,and to clarify the use of self-defense rights and maintain national security rather than the intention of targeting specific countries.In the promotion and integration of international treaties,the value of "wealth and well-being" also needs to be considered,and it is vital to strengthen the value and functional role of international treaties.The value aspect of "respect and emotion",however,needs to be highlighted in the consideration of international customary rules,and relevant concepts are shaped through international practice to reduce or avoid conflicts.